a) p BRr322 ( Plasmodium Bolivar Rodriguez 322)
b) Selectable markers help the host cells to select useful transformants. Antibiotic are genes encoding selectable markers.
c) Out of teacher student relationship and to equip the knowledge.

A. Cause the garbage removal, and help in proper disposal.; kachra hataao, bimari bhagaao; ghar bahar rahe savacch hamara, rog mukt rahe jeevan hamara.
B. Malaria, Typhoid, Dengue

BOD value - 30mg/L - Secondary effluent from STP
BOD value - 8mg/L – River Water
BOD value - 500mg/L – Sewage Water
(Fact – The greater the BOD of water, the more is its pollution potential.)

Following micro-organisms are associated with the manufacture of respective compounds:
(1) (a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae- Vinegar 
(b) Acetobacter sp.
(2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae- Alcohol
(3) Streptomyces aureofaciens- Tetracycline.
(4) Aspergillus niger-Citric Acid.

Brewing is a complex fermentation process, which involves the production of malt beverages such as beer, ale, porter and stout with the help of strains of saccharo-myces cerevisiae.

Cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation. They, however, live in semiaquatic and aquatic habitats. Paddy fields contain water. Therefore, cyanobacteria can be inoculated in these fields for nitrogen fertility.

Mycorrhizal fungi help the plants in
(i) Tolerating salinity;
(ii) Absorption of water and prevention of drought;
(iii) Solubilisation of organic matter and absorption of P, N and K from it;
(iv) Protection from root-borne pathogens.

1. Methanogens grow anaerobically on celluloric material and produce large amount of methane along with carbon dioxide an hydrogen.
2. Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.

Streptococcus
Streptokinase functions as a clots from the blood vessels of patients who have suffered myocardial infarction.

Rhizobium lives in the root nodules of leguminous plants and fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil as nitrogenous compounds that can be utilised by the plants as nutrients. Since, both are mutually benefitted, it is called symbiotic bacterium.

Biogas plant is installed basically to get the biogas which is used as fuel for heating and cooking, lighting, etc.It also yields nitrogen rich slurry that is an excellent source of manure.

1. Biofertilisers fix atmospheric nitrogen and increase nitrogen content of the soil.
2. Cyanobacteria increase the organic matter of the soil through their photosynthetic acivity.
3. Fungi (of mycorrhizae) help in absorption and storage of phosphorus and other mineral nutrients.