Zero coupon Bonds is the other name given to treasury bill. This is because they are issued at a price lower than face value and are redeemed at par. The difference between issue price and redemption value represent interest receivable on them also called discount. For eq. a treasury bill of face value Rs. 100,000 may be issue at Rs. 96,000, Rs. 4000 representing the interest payable.

SEBI is a statutory body. Its activities have been divided into five major departments. Each department is leaded by an executive directors. It has head office in Bombay. It has two advisory committees – Primary and secondary Market Advisory Committees. These committees consist of market players investors association and eminent persons in the capital markets

The four main objectives of NSE are :-
a) Establishing nation wide trading facility for all types of securities.
b) To provide equal access to investors all over the country.
c) A transparent and efficient system of trading provided.
d) It help in meeting international standards and benchmarks

Call money is a short term finance repayable on demand with a period of one to fifteen days. It is used to finance inter bank transaction. It is method by which banks borrow from each other to be able to maintain the cash reserve ratio with the RBI.

Stock market is a place where securities of different companies are bought and sold.It serves as a platform for investors.The presence of stock exchange in stock market assures the investor that their investment can be converted into cash whenever they want. Thus, we can say stock market impart liquidity to investment.

(a) i. Prospectus issue
ii. Issue through intermediaries:
iii. Private placement:
iv. Rights issue: 
(b)
The methods of floating new issues in the primary market are:
(i) Offer Through Prospectus: It is the method of floating new issues by inviting subscriptions from the public through issue of prospectus.
(ii) Offer for Sale: It is the method in which the securities are not issued directly to the public but through intermediaries like issuing houses or stock brokers.
(iii) Private Placement: It refers to the allotment of securities by a company to institutional investors and some selected individuals.
(iv) Rights Issue: It is the privilege given to existing shareholders to subscribe to new issue of shares in proportion to the number of shares they already hold.
(v) e-IPO: It refers to issuing securities through the online system of stock exchange.
(c) The main investors in the primary market are banks, financial institutions insurance companies , mutual funds and individuals.

Main functions of stock exchange are as follows
(i) Pricing of securities The stock market helps to value the securitics on the basis of demand and supply factors. Higher the demand for such securities, higher is their value. The valuation of securities is useful for investors, government and creditors.
(ii) Contributes to economic growth In stock exchange, securities of various companies are bought and sold. This process of disinvestment and reinvestment helps to invest in most productive investment proposal and this leads to capital formation and economic growth.
(iii) Spreading of equity cult Stock exchange encourages people to invest in ownership securities by regulating new issues, better trading practices and by educating people about investment.
(iv) Liquidity The main function of stock market is to provide ready market for sale and purchase of securities which assures the investors that their investment can be converted into cash whenever they want.
(v) Safety of transaction The stock exchange is well regulated and its dealings are well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investing public gets a safe and fair deal in the market.

(i) 1. Regulatory and protective functions
(i) Registration of brokers, sub-brokers and other players in the market.
(ii) Registration of collective investment schemes and mutual funds.
(iii) Regulation of stock brokers, portfolio exchanges, underwriters and merchant bankers and the business in stock exchanges.
(iv) Regulation of takeover bids by companies.
(v) Levying fee or other charges for carrying out the purposes of the Act.
(vi) SEBI conducts inspections, enquiries and audits of stock exchanges.
(vii) Perform and exercise such power under Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956, as may be delegated by the government of India.
2.Protective Functions
(i) Prohibition of fraudulent and unfair trade practices.
(ii) Controlling insider trading and imposing penalties for such practices.
(iii) Undertaking steps for investor protection.
(iv) Promotion of fair practices and code of conduct in securities market.
(ii) The values which SEBI fulfils are:
(a) Safety.
 (b) Transparency.
(c) Fairness.

The stock exchange is an institution, which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing securities.
Functions of Stock Exchange
(i) Provides liquidity and marketability to existing securities
The primary function of a stock exchange is to provide a ready and continuous market where existing securities can be bought and sold.
This provides both liquidity and cash marketability to already existing securities in the market.
(ii) Pricing of securities
Share prices on a stock exchange are determined by the forces of demand and supply.Stock market indices like SENSEX, NSE, etc reflect market direction and indicate day-to-day fluctuations in share prices.
Thus, both buyers and sellers can get constant information about price movements of shares in the market.
(iii) Safety of transactions
The membership of a stock exchange is well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investment of public is safe and they will get a fair deal in the market.
(iv) Contributes to economic growth
In stock exchange. the process of disinvestment and reinvestment channelise the savings into productive investment avenues. This leads to capital formation and economic growth
(v) Spreading Equity Cult
It is an organised market, which takes various steps to guide and educate investors, publish information about companies listed on the exchange and ensures better and safe trading practices. These practices have played a vital role in increasing the number of people investing in equity, thus leading to wider ownership of equity.
(vi) Provides Scope for Speculation
It is generally accepted that a certain degree of speculation is necessary to ensure liquidity and price continuity in the stock market. Thus, it provides sufficient scope for speculation in a restricted and controlled manner within the provisions of law.

The stock exchange is an institution, which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing securities.
Functions of Stock Exchange
(i) Provides liquidity and marketability to existing securities
The primary function of a stock exchange is to provide a ready and continuous market where existing securities can be bought and sold.
This provides both liquidity and cash marketability to already existing securities in the market.
(ii) Pricing of securities
Share prices on a stock exchange are determined by the forces of demand and supply.Stock market indices like SENSEX, NSE, etc reflect market direction and indicate day-to-day fluctuations in share prices.
Thus, both buyers and sellers can get constant information about price movements of shares in the market.
(iii) Safety of transactions
The membership of a stock exchange is well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investment of public is safe and they will get a fair deal in the market.
(iv) Contributes to economic growth
In stock exchange. the process of disinvestment and reinvestment channelise the savings into productive investment avenues. This leads to capital formation and economic growth
(v) Spreading Equity Cult
It is an organised market, which takes various steps to guide and educate investors, publish information about companies listed on the exchange and ensures better and safe trading practices. These practices have played a vital role in increasing the number of people investing in equity, thus leading to wider ownership of equity.
(vi) Provides Scope for Speculation
It is generally accepted that a certain degree of speculation is necessary to ensure liquidity and price continuity in the stock market. Thus, it provides sufficient scope for speculation in a restricted and controlled manner within the provisions of law.