Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Amines are basic in nature. The basic strength of amines can be expressed by their dissociation constant, K_b or pK_{b.
\(\mathrm{RNH}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{RNH}_{3}^{+}+\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)
\(K_{b}=\frac{\left[R \mathrm{NH}_{3}^{+}\right]\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]}{\left[R \mathrm{NH}_{2}\right]} \text { and } \mathrm{p} K_{b}=-\log K_{b}\)}
Greater the K_b value or smaller the pK_b value, more is the basic strength of amine. Aryl amines such as aniline are less basic than allphatic amines due to the involvement of lone pair of electrons on N-atom with the resonance in benzene. In derivatives of aniline, the electron releasing groups increase the basic strength while electron withdrawing groups decrease the basic strength. The base weakening effect of electron withdrawing group and base strengthening effect of electron releasing group is more marked at p-position than at m-position. o-Substituted aniline is less basic than aniline due to ortho effect and is probable due to combination of electronic and steric effect.
The following questions are multiple choice questions.Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) Which of the following has lowest pK_b value?

(ii) The strongest base among the following is

(iii) Maximum pK_b value of

(c) (CH3CH2)2NH	(d) (CH3)2NH

(iv) Which of the following statements is not correct?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Amines are alkyl or aryl derivatives of ammonia formed by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms. Alkyl derivatives are called aliphatic amines and aryl derivatives are known as aromatic amines. The presence of aromatic amines can be identified by performing dye test. Aniline is the simplest example of aromatic amine. It undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions in which - NH₂ group strongly activates the aromatic ring through delocalisation oflone pair of electrons of N-atom. Aniline undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions. Ortho and para positions to the -NH₂ group become centres of high electrons density. Thus, -NH₂ group is ortho and para-directing and powerful activating group. The following questions are multiple choice questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) Cyclohexylamine and aniline can be distinguished by

(ii) Which of the following compounds gives-dye test?

(iii) Oxidation of aniline with manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid produces

(iv) Aniline when treated with conc, HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ gives

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The amines are basic in nature due to the presence of a lone pair of electron on N-atom of the -NH2 group, which it can donate to electron deficient compounds. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than NH₃ because of the +1 effect of the alkyl groups. Greater the number of alkyl groups attached to N-atom, higher is the electron density on it and more will be the basicity. Thus, the order of basic nature of amines is expected to be 3° > 2° > 1°, however the observed order is 2° > 1° > 3°. This is explained on the basis of crowding on N-atom of the amine by alkyl groups which hinders the approach and bonding by a proton, consequently, the electron pair which is present on N is unavailable for donation and hence 3° amines are the weakest bases. Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines. Electron -donating groups such as -CH₃ , -OCH₃ , etc. increase the basicity while electron-withdrawing substitutes such as -NO₂ , -CN, halogens, etc. decrease the basicity of amines. The effect of these substituents is more at p than at m-positions.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) Which one of the following is the strongest base in aqueous solution?

(ii) Which order of basicity is correct?

(iii) What ts the decreasing order of basicity of primary, secondary and tertiary ethylamines and NH₃?

(iv) Choose the correct statement.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A mixture of two aromatic compounds (A) and (B) was separated by dissolving in chloroform followed by extraction with aqueous KOH solution. The organic layer containing compound (A), when heated with alcoholic solution of KOH produce C₇H₅N (C) associated with unpleasant odour.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
The reaction of (A) with alcoholic solution of KOH to produce (C) of unpleasant odour is called

(ii) The alkaline aqueous layer (B) when heated with chloroform and then acidified give a mixture of isomeric compounds of molecular formula C₇H₆O₂. (B) is

(iii) In the chemical reaction, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}+\mathrm{CHCl}_{3}+3 \mathrm{KOH} \longrightarrow(A)+(B)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) the compounds (A) and (B)  are respectively

(iv) Direct nitration of an aromatic compound (A) is not feasible because

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
When the mixture contains the three amine salts (1°, 2° and 3°) along with quaternary salt, it is distilled with KOH solution. The three amines distill, leaving the quaternary salt unchanged in the solution. Then the mixture of amines is separated by fractional distillation, Hinsbergs method and Hoffmann's method.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) Hinsberg reagent is

(ii) Primary amine with Hinsberg's reagent forms

(iii) To separate amines in a mixture Hoffmann's method is used. The Hoffmann's reagent is

(iv) 3^o amines with Hinsberg's reagent give

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Aldehydes and ketones having acetyl group are oxidised by sodium hypohalate (NaOX) or halogen and alkali (X₂ + OH^-) to corresponding sodium salt having one carbon atoms less than the carbonyl compound and give a haloform.

Sodium hypoiodite (NaOI) when treated with compounds containing CH₃CO - group gives yellow precipitate of iodoform. Haloform reaction does not affect a carbon-carbon double bond present in the compound.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

(ii) Which of the following compounds is not formed in iodoform reaction of acetone?

(iii) For the given set of reactions

starting compound A corresponds to

(iv) An organic compound 'A' has the molecular formula C₃H₆O. It undergoes iodoform test. When saturated with HCI it gives 'B' of molecular formula C₉H₁₄O. 'A' and 'B' respectively are

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
Carboxylic acids dissociate in water to give carboxylate ion and hydronium ion.
RCOOH + H₂O \(\longrightarrow\) RCOO^- + H3O⁺
The acidity of carboxyl group is due to the presence of positive charge on oxygen which liberates proton. The carboxylate ion formed is resonance stabilised.

Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than phenols. Electron withdrawing groups (EWG) increase the acidity of carboxylic acids by stabilising the conjugate base through delocalisation of negative charge by inductive and/ or resonance effects. Electron donating group (EDG) decrease the acidity by destabilising the conjugate base.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) Which of the following reactions is showing the acidic property of carboxylic acid?

(ii) Which one of the following is the correct order of acidic strength?

(iii) Which of the following acids has the smallest dissociation constant?

(iv) The correct order of acidity for the following compounds is

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions
A tertiary alcohol H upon acid catalysed dehydration gives a product I. Ozonolysis of I leads to compounds J and K. Compound J upon reaction with KOH gives benzyl alcohol and a compound L, whereas K on reaction with KOH gives only M.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) Compound H is formed by the reaction of

(ii) The structures of compound J, Kand L, respectively, are

(iii) When (J) is treated with acetic anhydride, in the presence of corresponding salt of an acid, the product obtained is

(iv) Which of the following statements is correct for compound (K)?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
When an aldehyde with no a-hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous NaOH, half the aldehyde is converted to carboxylic acid salt and other half is converted to an alcohol. In other words, half of the reactant is oxidized
and other half is reduced. This reaction is known as Cannizzaro reaction 

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) A mixture of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde on heating with aqueous NaOH solution gives

(ii) Which of the following compounds will undergo Cannizzaro reaction?

(iii) Trichloroacetaldehyde is subjected to Cannizzaro's reaction by using NaOH. The mixture of the products contains sodium trichloroacetate ion and another compound. The other compounds is

(iv) Which of the following reaction will not result in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The addition reaction of enol or enolate to the carbonyl functional group of aldehyde or ketone is known as aldol addition. The \(\beta\)-hydroxyaldehyde or \(\beta\)-hydroxyketone so obtained undergo dehydration in second step to produce a conjugated enone. The first part of reaction is an addition reaction and the second part is an elimination reaction. Carbonyl compound having \(\alpha\)-hydrogen undergoes aldol condensation reaction.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) Condensation reaction is the reverse of which of the following reaction?

(ii) Which of the following compounds would be the main product of an aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and acetone?

(ii) Which combination of carbonyl compounds gives phenyl vinyl ketone by an aldol condensation?

(iv) Which of the following will undergo aldol condensation?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
In a reaction, the rates of disappearance of different reactants or rates of formation of different products may not be equal but rate of reaction at any instant of time has the same value expressed in terms of any reactant or product. Further, the rate of reaction may not depend upon the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced chemical equation. The exact powers of molar concentrations of reactants on which rate depends are found experimentally and expressed in terms of 'order of reaction'. Each reaction has a characteristic rate constant depends upon temperature. The units of the rate constant depend upon the order of reaction.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) The rate constant of a reaction is found to be 3 x 10^-3 mol^-2 L ² sec^-1.The order of the reaction is

(ii) In the reaction \(A+3 B \rightarrow 2 C\) ,the rate of formation of C is

(iii) Rate of a reaction can be expressed by following rate expression, Rate = k[A]² [B], if concentration of A is increased by 3 times and concentration of B is increased by 2 times, how many times rate of reaction increases?

(iv) The rate of a certain reaction is given by,rate = k[H⁺]ⁿ . The rate increases 100 times when the pH changes from 3 to 1. The order (n) of the reaction is

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
Number of molecules which must collide simultaneously to give product is called molecularity. It is equal to sum of coefficients of reactants present in stoichiometric chemical equation. For reaction, \(m_{1} A+m_{2} B \rightarrow \text { Product }\) 
Molecularity = [m₁ + m₂ ]
In complex reaction each step has its own molecularity which is equal to the sum of coefficients of reactants present in a particular step. Molecularity is a theoretical property. Its value is any whole number. Number of concentration terms on which rate of reaction depends is called order of reaction or sum of powers of concentration terms present in the rate equation is called order of reaction.
If rate equation of reaction is : Rate = \(k \cdot C_{A}^{m_{1}} \cdot C_{B}^{m_{2}}\) 
Then order of reaction = m₁ + m₂
In simple reaction, order and molecularity are same. In complex reaction, order of slowest step is the order of over all reaction. This step is known as rate determining step. Order is an experimental property. Its value may be zero, fractional or negative.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) Higher order (> 3) reactions are rare due to

​​​​​​(ii) The molecularity of the reaction:
\(6 \mathrm{FeSO}_{4}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}+\mathrm{KClO}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{KCl}+3 \mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \text { is }\)

(iii) Which of the following statements is false in the following?

(iv) The rate of the reaction \(A+B+C \rightarrow \text { products }\) , is given by \(r=-\frac{d[A]}{d t}=k[A]^{1 / 2}[B]^{1 / 3}[C]^{1 / 4}\) ,The order of the reaction is

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A reaction is said to be of the first order if the rate of the reaction depends upon one concentration term only. For a first order reaction of the type A \(\rightarrow\) Products, the rate of the reaction is given as : rate = k[A]. The differential rate law is given as \(\frac{d A}{d t}=-k[A]\) .The integrated rate law : In \(\frac{[A]}{[A]_{0}}=-k t\) where [A] is the concentration of reactant left at time t and [A]_o is the initial concentration of the reactant, k is the rate constant.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer :
(i) The unit of rate constant for a first order reaction is

(ii) Half-life period of a first order reaction is 10 min. Starting with initial concentration 12 M, the rate after 20 min is

(iii) For a first order reaction, (A) \(\rightarrow\) products, the concentration of A changes from 0.1 M to 0.025 M in 40 minutes. The rate of reaction when the concentration of A is 0.01 M, is

(iv) The half-life period of a 1^st order reaction is 60 minutes. What percentage will be left over after 240 minutes?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
For the reaction: \(2 \mathrm{NO}_{(g)}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NOCl}_{(g)}\),  the following data were collected. All the measurements were taken at 263 K.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) The molecularity of the reaction is 

(ii) The expression for rate law is

(iii) The overall order of the reaction is

(iv) The value of rate constant is

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
The progress of the reaction, \(A \rightleftharpoons n B\) with time is represented in the following figure.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) What is the value of n?

(ii) Find the-value of the equilibrium constant

(iii) The initial rate of conversion of A will be

(iv) For the reaction,  if \(\frac{d[B]}{d t}=2 \times 10^{-4}\) , value of \(-\frac{d[A]}{d t}\) will be