(i) Glucose does not give Schiff‘s Test although it contains aldehyde group.
(ii) Glucose does not form crystaline product with NaHSO₃.

(i) \(\underset { Lactose }{ C_{ 12 } } { H }_{ 22 }{ O }_{ 11 }+{ H }_{ 2 }O\overset { Lactose }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { glucose }{ { C }_{ 6 } } { H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }+\underset { glactose }{ { C }_{ 6 } } { H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }\)
(ii) \(\underset { Sucorse }{ C_{ 12 } } { H }_{ 22 }{ O }_{ 11 }+{ H }_{ 2 }O\overset { Invertase }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { glucose }{ { C }_{ 6 } } { H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }+\underset { fructose }{ { C }_{ 6 } } { H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }\)

Sucrose is dextrorotatory having \({ \left[ \alpha \right] }_{ D }\)= +66.5°. On hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzymes, it gives equimolar D-(+)-glucose and D-(-)-fructose

Since D-(-)-fructose has larger specific rotation than D-(+)-glucose, the resulting mixture has specific rotation of-39.9°. Therefore, the mixture is laevorotatory.  

Carbohydrates which differ in configuration at the glycosidic carbon (i.e. \({ C }_{ 1 }\) in aldoses and \({ C }_{ 2 }\) in ketoses) are called anomers while those which differ in configuration at any carbon other than glycosidic carbon are called epimers. For example, \(\alpha \)-D-glucose and \(\beta \)-D-glucose are anomers since they differ in configuration at \({ C }_{ 1 }\) (glycosidic carbon) while glucose and mannose are called epimers since they differ in configuration at \({ C }_{ 2 }\)(other than the glycosidic carbon \({ C }_{ 1 }\) ). In other words, glucose and mannose are Cr epimers. Similarly, we can show that glucose and galactose are \({ C }_{ 4 }\) -epimers since they differ in configuration only at \({ C }_{ 4 }\).

Glucose' reacts with\({ NH }_{ 2 }OH\) via the open chain form which has the free -CH = O group to form glucose oxime. Glucose pentaacetate, on the other hand, cannot be converted into the open chain form because its anomeric hydroxyl group (i.e. \({ C }_{ 1 }\)- OH) is acetylated and hence does not form the oxime.

Enzymes are the essential biological catalysts which are needed to catalyse biochemical reactions. Enzymes are needed only in small quantities for the progress of a reaction. Like chemical catalysts, enzymes reduces the magnitude of activation energy by providing alternative pathway, e.g. in hydrolysis of sucrose, the enzyme sucrase reduces the activation energy from 6.22 kJ mol^-1 to 2.15 kJ mol^-1.Thus, enzyme catalysed reactions occur at a much faster rate.

Glucose pentaacetate (structure A) does not have a free -OH group at\({ C }_{ 1 }\) and hence cannot be converted into the open chain form having a free -CHO group. Therefore, glucose pentaacetate does not form an oxime.

The \(\alpha \) -helix structure of polypeptide chain is stabilized by intramolecular H-bonding in which >C = 0 of one amino acid residue in one turn forms a H-bond with - NH - group of the fourth amino acid in the adjacent turn.

All naturally occurring α-amino acids (except glycine) are optically active due to the presence of chiral carbon atom. These have either D- or L-configuration D-form means that, the amino (-NH2) group is present towards the right hand side L-atom shows the presence of -NH2 group on the left hand side.