Most of drugs taken in does higher than recommended may produce harmful effects and, act as poison and cause even death.  Therefore, a doctor must always be consulted before taking the drug.

Magnesium hydroxide is a better antacid because being insoluble, it does not allow the pH to increase above neutral. However, sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃ ) being soluble, its excess can make the stomach alkaline and trigger the production of even more acid.

(i) Antifertility drugs: Those drugs which control the birth of the child are called antifertility drugs. e.g. mifepristone, progesterone.
(ii) Antibiotics: Those drugs which kill or prevent the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms are called antibiotics, e.g. Streptomycin.

(i) Non-ionic detergents: Some of the detergents are non-ionic, like the esters of high molecular mass formed by reactions between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. They do not contain any ion in their constitution.

Some liquid dishwashing detergents are of non-ionic type.
(ii) Disinfectants: They kill micro-organisms but are not safe for contact with living tissues.These are applied to inanimate objects such as floor, instruments, walls, etc. 2% solution of phenol acts as disinfectant, 0.2 to 0.4 parts per million is used for disinfecting drinking water and low concentration of SO, is used for sterilising squashes for preservation.

(i) Sodium benzoate is a food preservative.
(ii) Bithional is added to soaps to reduce the odours produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter on the skin due to its antiseptic properties.
(iii)Tranquilizers are used in sleeping pills

Anionic detergents: Long chain alcohols are used in the manufacture of some of the synthetic anronic detergents. The long chain alcohols are treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulphates of high molecular mass and finally alkyl sulphates are neutralised with alkali to form salts, eg.
Sodium lauryl sulphonate is example of anionic detergent.
Preparation:
\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{OSO}_{3} \mathrm{H} \stackrel{\mathrm{NaOH}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OSO}_{3}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{2}\)
Lauryl akchol                                                     Lauryl sulphonate                                     Sodium lauryl sulphonate (Anionic detergent)
It is called anionic detergent because large part of the molecule is anion. The single anionic detergent in largest use today in household detergents is alkylbenzene sulphonate. Uses: They are effective in acidic solutions whereas soap are not effective due to formation of insoluble fatty acids. Anionic detergents are also used in toothpastes.

Antiseptics: These are chemicals which kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms. They are applied to living tissues.
Disinfectants: They kill microorganisms but are not safe for contact with living tissues. 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic. 2% solution of phenol is disinfectant.

(i) Suitable artificial sweeteners which can be added in cooking is sucrolose.
(ii) Values associated with the above decision are:
(a) Knowledge of chemistry put to use.
(b) Love for her husband.
(c) Concern for the health of her husband.

(i) The sleeping pills contain the chemical substances known as tranquillizers.
(ii) These help in accelerating the signal sending capacity of the neurotransmitters. 
(iii) The tranquillizers give relief from the stress and are also sleep inducing they help in controlling our blood pressure as well as anxiety. However, the frequent use of these is quite harmful.
(iv) Ignorant, careless about health.

(i) (a) Dr. Satpal displayed values like willingness to helps, concern, acute intelligence etc.
(b) NHRC displayed values like helping people, ensure right to people, social responsibility etc.
(ii) Narcotic analgesics like morphine in limited dose are chiefly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer.
(iii) Saccharin could have been recommended.

(i) Aware, concerned or any other correct two values.
(ii) It is not advisable to take sleeping pills without consulting doctor because it may have various side effects on the body and unknown health problems.
(iii) TranquiIizers are the drugs which act on CNS and help in reducing anxiety and mental tension are called as tranquilizers. Example: Valium, equanil (or any other example)