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Published on: 14/09/2019
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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1.
Simplify : \({ cot }^{ -1 }\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } for\quad x<-1\)
2.
If \({ sin }^{ -1 }\frac { 2a }{ 1+{ a }^{ 2 } } +{ sin }^{ -1 }\frac { 2b }{ 1+{ b }^{ 2 } } =2{ tan }^{ -1 }x\) then show that \(x=\frac { a+b }{ 1-ab } \)
3.
Solve the equation \({ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 1-x }{ 1+x } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }x\)
4.
Write in the simplest form : \(sin\left[ 2{ tan }^{ -1 }\sqrt { \frac { 1-x }{ 1+x } } \right] \)
5.
Prove that \({ cos }^{ -1 }x=2{ sin }^{ -1 }\left( \sqrt { \frac { 1-x }{ 2 } } \right) \)
6.
show that : \({ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 1 }{ 4 } +{ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 2 }{ 9 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \)
7.
Show that : \({ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 3a^{ 2 }x-{ x }^{ 3 } }{ { a }^{ 3 }-3a{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) =3tan^{ -1 }\left( \frac { x }{ a } \right) \)
8.
Show that : \({ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 2 }{ 3 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 12 }{ 5 } \)
9.
Show that : \({ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { x }{ y } -{ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { x-y }{ x+y } =\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
10.
Write in the simplest form : \({ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { cos\quad x }{ 1+sin\quad x } \right] ,x\left[ -\frac { \pi }{ 2 } ,\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right] \)
1.
\(Let\quad { sec }^{ -1 }x=\theta ,\quad then\quad x=sec\theta \quad and\quad for\quad x<-1,\)
\(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } <\theta <\pi \)
Given expression = cot-1(-cot \(\theta \))
\(={ cot }^{ -1 }\left[ cot\left( \pi -\theta \right) \right] =\pi -{ sec }^{ -1 }x\quad as\quad 0<\pi -\theta <\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
2.
\({ sin }^{ -1 }\frac { 2a }{ 1+{ a }^{ 2 } } =2{ tan }^{ -1 }a\)
\(and\quad { sin }^{ -1 }\frac { 2b }{ 1+{ b }^{ 2 } } =2{ tan }^{ -1 }b\)
\(as\left[ 2{ tan }^{ -1 }x={ sin }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 1+{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) \right] \)
\(2{ tan }^{ -1 }a+2{ tan }^{ -1 }b=2ta{ n }^{ -1 }x\)
\({ tan }^{ -1 }a+{ tan }^{ -1 }b={ tan }^{ -1 }x\)
\({ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { a+b }{ 1-ab } \right) =ta{ n }^{ -1 }x\)
\(x=\frac { a+b }{ 1-ab } \)
Hence Proved.
3.
\({ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 1-x }{ 1+x } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }x\) [Given]
Put, x = tan \(\theta \) \(\Rightarrow\) tan-1 x=\(\theta \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad { tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { 1-tan\theta }{ 1+tan\theta } \right] =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \theta \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad { tan }^{ -1 }\left[ tan\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } -\theta \right) \right] =\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad \frac { \pi }{ 4 } -\theta =\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad \frac { \pi }{ 4 } =\frac { \theta }{ 2 } +\theta \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad \frac { \pi }{ 4 } =\frac { 3\theta }{ 2 } \Rightarrow \theta =\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad { tan }^{ -1 }x=\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad x=tan\frac { \pi }{ 6 } =\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \)
4.
Let x = cos 2\(\theta \)
\(=sin\left[ 2t{ an }^{ -1 }\sqrt { \frac { 1-cos2\theta }{ 1+cos2\theta } } \right] \)
\(=sin\left[ 2tan^{ -1 }\sqrt { \frac { 2{ sin }^{ 2 }\theta }{ 2{ cos }^{ 2 }\theta } } \right] \)
\(\left[ \because cos2\theta =1-2{ sin }^{ 2 }\theta \ and\ cos\ 2\theta =2{ cos }^{ 2 }\theta -1 \right] \)
\(=sin\left[ 2{ tan }^{ -1 }\left( tan\quad \theta \right) \right] \)
\(=sin(2\theta )=\sqrt { 1-{ cos }^{ 2 }2\theta } \)
\(=sin\quad 2\theta =\sqrt { 1-{ x }^{ 2 } } \)
5.
\(R.H.S.=2{ sin }^{ -1 }\sqrt { \frac { 1-x }{ 2 } } \quad \quad \begin{cases} Let\quad x=cos\theta \\ \Rightarrow \theta ={ cos }^{ -1 }x \end{cases}\)
\(=2{ sin }^{ -1 }\left( \sqrt { \frac { 1-cos\theta }{ 2 } } \right) \)
\( \begin{cases} as\quad cos\theta =1=2{ sin }^{ 2 }\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \\ \Rightarrow 1-cos\theta =2sin^{ 2 }\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \end{cases}\)
\(=2{ sin }^{ -1 }\left( sin\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \right) \)
\(=2\left( \frac { \theta }{ 2 } \right) =\theta ={ cos }^{ -1 }x\)
L.H.S = R.H.S
6.
\(LHS={ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 1 }{ 4 } +{ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 2 }{ 9 } \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { \frac { 1 }{ 4 } +\frac { 2 }{ 9 } }{ 1-\frac { 1\times 2 }{ 4\times 9 } } \right] \)
\(\left[ { tan }^{ -1 }x+{ tan }^{ -1 }y={ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { x+y }{ 1-xy } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { \frac { 9+8 }{ 36 } }{ \frac { 36-2 }{ 36 } } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 17 }{ 34 } \right) ={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 2{ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 2\times \frac { 1 }{ 2 } }{ 1-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } } \right) \)
\(\because \left[ 2{ tan }^{ -1 }={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 1-{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 1 }{ 3/4 } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 4 }{ 3 } \right) \)
7.
\(L.H.S.={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 3{ a }^{ 2 }x-{ x }^{ 3 } }{ { a }^{ 3 }-3a{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) \)
\(Divide\quad by\quad a^{ 3 },\)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 3\frac { x }{ a } -\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ { a }^{ 3 } } }{ 1-3\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \right) } \right) \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { 3\left( \frac { x }{ a } \right) -{ \left( \frac { x }{ a } \right) }^{ 3 } }{ 1-3{ \left( \frac { x }{ a } \right) }^{ 2 } } \right] \)
\(Put,\frac { x }{ a } =tan\theta ,\quad \theta ={ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { x }{ a } \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { 3tan\theta -{ tan }^{ 3 }\theta }{ 1-3{ tan }^{ 2 }\theta } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }(tan\quad 3\theta )\)
\(3\theta =3{ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { x }{ a } \right) =R.H.S.\)
8.
\(L.H.S.={ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 2 }{ 3 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 2{ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \right) \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ { tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 2\times \frac { 2 }{ 3 } }{ 1-\frac { 4 }{ 9 } } \right) \right] \)
\(\left[ \because 2{ tan }^{ -1 }x={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 1-{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { \frac { 4 }{ 3 } }{ \frac { 9-4 }{ 9 } } \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 4\times 9 }{ 3\times 5 } \right) \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 12 }{ 5 } \right) =R.H.S.\)
9.
\({ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { x }{ y } -{ tan }^{ -1 }\frac { x-y }{ x+y } \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { \frac { x }{ y } -\frac { x-y }{ x+y } }{ 1+\left( \frac { x }{ y } \right) \left( \frac { x-y }{ x+y } \right) } \right] \)
\(\left[ \because { tan }^{ -1 }x-{ tan }^{ -1 }y={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { x-y }{ 1+xy } \right) \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { \frac { x(x+y)-y(x-y) }{ y(x+y) } }{ \frac { y(x+y)-x(x-y) }{ y(x+y) } } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { { x }^{ 2 }+xy-xy+{ y }^{ 2 } }{ { xy+y }^{ 2 }+{ x }^{ 2 }-xy } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 } }{ { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 } } \right) ={ tan }^{ -1 }1=\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \) Hence Proved
10.
\({ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { cos\quad x }{ 1+sin\quad s } \right] \) \(\quad \because \) \(\begin{cases} cos\quad x={ cos }^{ 2 }\frac { x }{ 2 } -{ sin }^{ 2 }\frac { x }{ 2 } \\ and\quad 1+sin\quad x={ \left( cos\frac { x }{ 2 } +sin\frac { x }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } \end{cases}\)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { { cos }^{ 2 }\frac { x }{ 2 } -{ sin }^{ 2 }\frac { x }{ 2 } }{ { \left( cos\frac { x }{ 2 } +sin\frac { x }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { \left( cos\frac { x }{ 2 } +sin\frac { x }{ 2 } \right) \left( cos\frac { x }{ 2 } -sin\frac { x }{ 2 } \right) }{ { \left( cos\frac { x }{ 2 } +sin\frac { x }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { cos\frac { x }{ 2 } -sin\frac { x }{ 2 } }{ cos\frac { x }{ 2 } +sin\frac { x }{ 2 } } \right] Divide\quad by\quad cos\frac { x }{ 2 } ,\quad we\quad get\)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ \frac { 1-tan\frac { x }{ 2 } }{ 1+tan\frac { x }{ 2 } } \right] \)
\(={ tan }^{ -1 }\left[ tan\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } -\frac { x }{ 2 } \right) \right] =\frac { \pi }{ 4 } -\frac { x }{ 2 } \)
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