The humans first evolved around 2.5million years ago and agriculture began about 11 thousand years ago. It is since then that humans have started to exploit the forest land for agriculture. Development in medical technology has increased the lifespan of humans, decreased the mortality rate of mother and child, further aggrevating the problem of human population.
Along with this, the industrial revolution caused enormous consumption of earth's resources and giving back a lot of air pollution. The enormous amount of waste being generated every day is destroying the natural habitat of other species, be it aquatic or terrestrial, endangering and later causing extinction thereof. This is how human activities have led to the increase in conflict between humans and wildlife.

Biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of species, habitat, ecosystem, gene, gene pool in a particular place and various parts of earth. As an individual biodiversity can be conserved with conservation strategies and management of both biotic and abiotic resources. Some of the conservation strategies are as follows
(i) Protection of useful animals and plants in their natural habitat or in situ conservation.
(ii) Preservation of critical habitats like feeding and breeding areas and resting area of endangered species to promote their growth and multiplication.
(iii) Hunting should be banned or regulated.
(iv) Habitat of migratory animals should be protected by bilateral or multilateral agreements.
(v) People should be made aware of the importance of biodiversity and its conservation.
(vi) Over-exploitation of natural resources must be avoided.
(vii) Biodiversity plays an important role in maintaining and sustaining supply of goods and services.
(viii) Conservation of biodiversity ensures well-being of all the living creatures and their future generations.
Ex situ conservation strategies help
(a) To conserve those animals that have become extinct in wild, but can be maintained in zoological parks.
(b) To preserve gametes of threatened species in viable condition through cryopreservation.
(c) To propagate threatened plants via tissue culture.
(d) To grow plants with recalcitrant seeds in orchards where all possible varieties are maintained.
(e) To conserve seed of commercially important plants in seed banks.
(f) To save endangered or threatened plant that needs urgent measure to save it from extinction in botanical gardens

Biological resources are the basis of life forms on our planet. The countries with maximum biodiversity possess better potential to compete with the rest of the world. Biodiversity has great economic importance to mankind due to its many uses.
Some of the uses with consumptive value are as follows
(i) Food is obtained from biodiversity sources like livestock, forestry and fish. Biodiversity in modern agriculture is beneficial as a source of new crops, e.g. cereals crop like wheat, rice and maize account for about 55%of protein and 60%of calories in humans.
(ii) Drugs such as morphine (Papaver somniferum), quinine (Cinchona ledgeriana), reserpine (Rauwolfia vomitoria), belladonna (Atropa belladonna), aconite (Aconitum napellus), wintergreen and birth bark (Gaultheria procumbens) are derived from plants.

According to AV Humboldt, a German scientist, 'within a region, species richness increases with increase in explored area (only upto a limit)'. Accordingly the relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa (birds, bat, angiosperms, aquatic fishes) turns out to be a rectangular hyperbola. The relationship depicts a straight line on a logarithmic scale described by the following equation 
log S = log C + Z log A
Where, 'S ' stands for species richness, 'A' is area and 'Z' and 'C' are slope of line (regression coefficient) and y intercept, respectively.

(i) 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' is a cleanliness drive launched by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India on 2 October 2014. I totally support this campaign.This initiative is needed to solve the sanitation problem and waste management in India. Following this drive by all citizens will ensure hygiene across the country. It will spread awareness among people on the importance of clean surroundings. An unclean environment leads to various diseases, different types of pollution and creates a feeling of disgust in the minds of viewer. As a responsible Indian citizen, we all should join this drive with enthusiasm.
(ii) Two major problems can be:
(a) Lack of adequate sanitation
(b) Separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances so that they can be treated property.
(iii) Two remedial measures to overcome problems are:
(a) Large number of toilets need to be constructed and people should be made aware about the importance of proper sanitation.
(b) Separate bins have to be installed for biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.