Genetically Modified Organism.
i) It tolerates abiotic stresses such as cold ,drought salt & heat.
ii) It reduces reliance / dependence on chemical pesticides
iii) It reduces post harvest loses.
iv) It increases efficiency of mineral utilization by plants.
v) Enhances nutritional value of food

Enzyme ADA (adenosine deaminase) Cause- deletion of a gene for ADA Cure of the disease-
a) bone marrow transplant
b) Enzyme replacement therapy
c) Gene therapy on lymphocytes
d) Introduction of gene from bone marrow cells producing ADA in to cells at early embryonic stage (for permanent cure)

Bt toxin protein (Cry-protein) exists in its inactive form as pro-toxin.    When it enters the gut of the caterpillar then in the alkaline pH, it gets activated ( toxin). It becomes soluble, attaches to the wall of the gut, causes swelling and lysis. No alkaline pH in the gut, no activation of pro-toxin, toxin ineffective, caterpillar would not die.

Insulin prepared byrDNA technology does not produce sensitive allergic reactions and complications to the foreign protein which occured in the case of earlier extracted insulin from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle or pigs.Thus, it is considered better.

A set of principles that may be used to regulate human activities in relation to the biological world are called bioethics.
These are important because the genetic modification of an organism can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem.

If Meloidegyne incognita consumes cells with RNAi, gene silencing of the specific mRNA occurs due to complementary dsRNA molecule formation that binds to and prevents translation of mRNA, thus, causing death of the nematode.

'Cry' is the gene that codes for Bt toxin. It is usually written in italics. On the other hand, Cry is the protein encoded by the cry genes. It is written in roman letters with first letter capital.