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Published on: 21/05/2021
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1.
In 1950s, there were hardly any mosquitoes in Delhi. The use of the pesticide, DDT on standing water
killed their larvae. But, now there are mosquitoes because they have evolved DDT-resistance through the interaction of mutation and Natural selection. State in a sequences, how that could have happened.
2.

The forelimbs of four vertebrates are shown in the diagram shown above.
(a) What type of evolution is exhibited by the similarity among these organs in those organisms?
(b) What are such organs known as?
(c) What do they indicate?
3.

(a) State the hypothesis which S.L. Miller tried to prove in the laboratory with the help of the set up given above.
(b) Name the organic compound observed by him in the liquid water after running the above experiment.
(c) A scientist simulated a similar set up and added CH4, NH3 and water vapour at 800°C.
Which important component is missing in his experiment?
1.
(i) There were some larvae with a mutated gene that conferred resistance to DDT.
(ii) The DDT-resistant larvae survived while the others died.
(iii) The DDT-resistant larvae reached adulthood and reproduced in large numbers.
(iv) The progeny also consisted mostly ofDDT-resistant larvae.
(v) Natural selection operating over a number of generations, favoured the DDT-resistant mosquitoes to reproduce in large numbers.
(vi) Hence, today there is a large number of mosquitoes that are resistant to DDT.
2.
(a) Divergent evolution.
(b) Homologous organs.
(c) Homology indicates common ancestry.
3.
(a) S.L. Miller tried to prove the hypothesis of Oparin and Haldane; it is as follows:
(i) The first from oflife could have come from the pre-existing non-living organic molecules like RNA, proteins, etc.
(ii) Formation oflife was preceded by chemical evolution that resulted in the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
(b) Amino acids.
(c) Hydrogen is missing.
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