New research suggests that despite modern technology and industrialisation, 'humans continue to evolve'. In the last 10,000 years or so, the pace of our evolution has speeded up 100 times creating more mutations in our genes and hence, greater natural selection.
Some clues that show humans are evolving are
(i) Lactose Tolerance: Historically the gene that regulated human's ability to digets lactose was shut down as infants are weaned off of their mother's breast milk. However, adult human in regions of Africa and Northern Europe developed the ability to tolerate lactose in their diets as recent as 5,000 or 6,000 years ago due to mutations.
(ii) Wisdom Teeth: Our ancestors had much bigger jaws than we do to lactose their eating habits. Today our jaws are much smaller and wisdom teeth are often impact estimates say that they will disappear in the coming population.

This phenomenon indicated in the questions is convergent evolution where by organisms, not closely related, evolve similar environment e.g.,
(i) Streamlined shape of sharks and dolphins. The former is a fish, while dolphin is a mammal, but both of them depend on swift movement through the water so a streamlined shape is essential. Thus, it is the similar habitat that resulted in selection of similar adaptive features in different groups of organisms, but toward the same funcion.
(ii) Spines and thorns, both look similar and provide protection to the plant, but the plants to which they belong are distantly related.

In the population of pepper moth two variants exist the dark and the light coloured. Before industrialisation, the light coloured moths were covered bark of the trees.
The predators were unable to spot them and hence, their population were more in number. With industrialisation, the barks got covered with soot. The growth of lichens reduced, the light coloured moths were thus, spotted by the predators and their number decreased.
However, the black variants were camouflased better on soot covered barks and their number increased drastically.
If the industries were removed, the population of black moths would have declined because as stated before, they would not be able to camouflage against a light background. Also the growth of lichens would increase. Therefore, the dark variants would be spotted better bu predators and be eaten more frequently.

Divergent evolution involves the differences in apearance and functioning of those structures which are similar in their basic structural plan and similar developmental origin e.g. force limbs of vertebrates like seal, bird, cat's paw, horse and man look different and perform different functions as shown in the table.

They have same pentadactyl plan and similar arrangement of bones, blood vessels, nerves, ect., This confirms that forelimbs have undergone divergent evolution, but are homologous to one another.
Driving force for divergent evolution is adaptive radiation to perform different functions

Hardy-Weinberg Principle: States that the sum of allelic frequencies in a population is stable and is constant from generation to generation, i.e., the gene pool in a population remains constant. This is called genetic equilibrium remains constant. This is called genetic equilibrium. The sum total of all the allelic frequencies is
Hardy-Weinberg's Equilibrium p²+q²+2pq = Five factors that influence these values are 
1. The Five factors which affect Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium are as follows:
1. Gene migration: When some individuals of a population migrate to other populations or when certain individuals come into a population, some genes are lost in the first case and added in the second.
2. Genetic drift: Random changes in the allele frequencies of a population occurring only by chance, constitute genetic drift. The change in allele frequency may become so drastically different that they from a new species.
3. Mutations: The mutations are random and occur at very slow rates, they are suffiicient to create considerable genetic variation for speciation to occur.
4. Recombination: New combinations of genes occur due to crossing over in meiosis during gametic formation.
5. Natural selection: It is the most critical evolutionary process, that leads to changes in allele frequencies and favours adaptation as a product of evolution.