Raj was a known sportsman in his school.While returning home he found unknown miscreants beating a young fellow.He tried to drive them off but by that time the fellow died of injury.The police arrested Raj and he was put on trial.The judge being convinced by Raj's plea, ordered for DNA fingerprinting reports.
(i) What is the basis of DNA fingerprinting?
(ii) Explain the steps in DNA fingerprinting.
(iii) Write the applications of DNA fingerprinting.
(iv) Raj's fingerprints on the dead body were sufficient to convict him but the judge asked for authentic proof.What values can observed by the judge?

Ranjit,while coming back home,saw a person on motorbike who was using mobile phone while driving and he met with an accident.Motorcyclist was badly hurt and was profusely bleeding.As a good citizen, Ranjit took him to hospital immediately where doctors after examining advised immediate blood transfusion to save his lifr.Ranjit offered doctors his blood but they refused as his blood group was not compatible with that of the victim.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)What are blood, groups?
(ii)Why have different people different blood groups?
(iii)What value is displayed by Ranjit?

Ramesh somewhere heard about human genome project.He discuss it with his biology teacher who explained that is a comprehensive project(approx.cost9 billion dollars)undertaken by molecular biologists to completely map the entire human genome by determining the complete nucleotide sequences of DNA of each chromosome (22 autosoms and X, Y sex chromosomes.)
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is genomics?
(ii) What is importance of Human Genome Project?

In a recent case of crime, there were no witness and Ramesh was the first person to reach the site.He did not allow any onlookers to distrub the scene of crime and called the police.Careful examination by forensic experts revealed the presence of some hairs from the site of crime which helped the police to nail the culprit.
|Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) In your opinion, by which method this was possible?
(ii) What is DNA fingerprinting?
(ii) What value is displayed by Ramesh?

In a maternity ward, two new born babies got exchanged and two women claiming to be the mother of one child and the matter went to the court.The judge asked to conduct DNA test of the child and two women, and on the basis of report settled the issue of paternity
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)What is the meaning of DNA test?
(ii)How is it helpful in deciding paternity issues?