No, pollination and fertilisation are not necessary in apomixis. It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. It is the formation of seeds without fertilisation.

In most of the plants, by the time fruit develops from the ovary, other floral parts degenerate and fall off. However, in case of strawberry, thalamus also contributes in fruit formation. So, it is called false fruit.

The fruits selected to induce parthenocarpy can be watermelon, papaya, etc. It is because these fleshy fruits have a large number of seeds, which interfere with the preparation of jams, jellies, etc.

1. Emasculation is necessary to prevent the self-pollen grains falling on the stigma.
2. Emasculation is not needed when the female parent chosen bears unisexual,  i.e. female flowers.

1. It is a case of polyembryony, the phenomenon of occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed.
2. It is possible in the following ways:
(i) Some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing, protrude into the embryos.
(ii) Synergids of the embryo sac divide and form embryos.

1. Since geitonogamy involves two different flowers of the same plant, it is genetically similar to autogamy; both autogamy and geitonogamy do not result in genetic variation in the progeny.
2. Geitonogamy and cross-pollination involve different flowers and a pollinating agent.

1. Since geitonogamy involves two different flowers of the same plant, it is genetically similar to autogamy; both autogamy and geitonogamy do not result in genetic variation in the progeny.
2. Geitonogamy and cross-pollination involve different flowers and a pollinating agent.

1. Embryo developing from synergid is haploid.
2. Embryo developing from nucellus is diploid.