a)Mutations, natural as well as induced, are a major source of improvement of crop plants. Incorporation of mutations in a variety is called mutation breeding. In Moong bean, induced mutation helped in incorporation of resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.
b) The technology that made us self sufficient in food production is plant breeding which develops varieties with
(i) high yield
(ii) dwarf nature
(iii) early maturing
(iv) positive response to irrigation and fertilizers.

Plant breeding technology used in the green revolution has made us self-sufficient in food production. This has helped in the development of high yielding and disease resistant varieties in wheat, rice, maize, etc.

(i) Animal breeding is a branch of animals husbandry that aims to increase the animal yield and improvement of desirable qualities of animal product.
(iii) New breed of cattle and poultry are Jersey and Leghorn respectively.

(A) Role of modern methods of breeding animals:
(i) By continued inbreeding, superior genes can be accumulated and less desirable genes can be eliminated by selection. It is also used to produce pure line.
(ii) By cross-breeding, good characters of different breeds can be combined to produce high yielding hybrid animals Examples 1.Karan Swiss breed of Switzerland and Sahiwal of India and gives about 3,500 litres of milk during its lactation period of 300 days.
2. High yielding layers of fowls e.g. IBL-80; B-77 and HH-260 are also cross-breeds out of which IBL-80 and B-77 breeds produce 200 eggs while HH-260 produces 260 eggs in a year.
3. Hissardale is a high wool and meat-yielding cross breed of sheep, while mules are more sturdier and stronger interspecific hybrids produced by a cross between male donkey and female horse (mare).
(iii) Multiple Ovulation-Embryo Transfer (MOET):
(iv) Artificial Insemination 
(B)Role of modern methods of plant breeding:
1. Green revolution.
2. Genetically modified crops.

(a) For forming 1 kg of meat about 3-10 kg of cereal is consumed. Thus if one shifts from grain to meat, consumption of cereals will be increased.
(b) Use of SCP microbes, no doubt is emerging area of research. SCP microbes are rich in proteins.