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Questions:

Generic 5

25 x 5 = 125

Sonu was very fond of gardening. He used to bring seeds of the flowers he liked from different places. Many times, he observed that all plants obtained from seeds were not similar. He discussed the observations with his biology teacher who explained that this is due to phenomenon of crossing over.
(i) What is crossing over?
(ii) What is the significance of cross over?
(iii) How can crossing over be used for commercial purposes?
(iv) What value is displayed by teacher?

Protein is an important constituent of our food and its deficiency leads to many health problems.A large population of developing countries can not afford pulses.Ramesh learnt that many so he thought of culturing these microorganisms to provide a cheap source of proteins.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What are single cell protein (SCP)?
(ii) Name two microorganisms which provide SCP.
(iii) Why did Ramesh want to culture microorganisms?

Sumit somewhere heard about banana vaccine.To know more about this vaccine, he discussed it with his uncle who was a professor of life sciences.Uncle told him that biotechnology has made possible to deliver vaccine to children through banana.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is a vaccine?
(ii) What is a banana vaccine? How is it beneficial to children?

Umesh's grandfather went to village to meet his old friend, after a long time.He found that his friend who once was a big landlord became very poor. Grandfather asked the reason of his poverty in spite of so much land he possessed.He told that his land is suitable for growing cotton and every his crop is devastated by insect attacks and he has been suffering heavy losses.Grandfather consoled him and advised him to grow BT cotton in his fields.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is BT Cotton?
(ii) How has it been developed?
(iii) How did grandfather help his friend in solving his financial problems?

Monu's uncle is a diabetes patient and id dependent on insulin for diabetes treatment.Monu went to enquire about his health.His uncle told him that diabetes has become a very common problem due to change in life style and a lot of people need insulin for its treatment.Earlier, it was obtained from animals and was short in supply and costly but biotechnology has helped in making it cheaper and easily available.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What precautions will you take to avoid chances of diabetes?
(ii) What is the role of insulin?
(iii) How biotechnology is helpful in increased insulin production to benefit needy people?

Rahul was not getting a good yield from the fields but his neighbours used to apply fertilizers to get higher yields of different crops.He consulted an agricultural scientist, living in the neighbouring town, to suggest some cheap and eco-friendly method to boost crop production.The scientist suggested him to use biofertilizers.
(i) What are bio fertilisers?
(ii) Name two examples of bio fertilisers.
(iii) Why did scientist advise Rahul to use bio fertilisers?

Ranjit,while coming back home,saw a person on motorbike who was using mobile phone while driving and he met with an accident.Motorcyclist was badly hurt and was profusely bleeding.As a good citizen, Ranjit took him to hospital immediately where doctors after examining advised immediate blood transfusion to save his lifr.Ranjit offered doctors his blood but they refused as his blood group was not compatible with that of the victim.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)What are blood, groups?
(ii)Why have different people different blood groups?
(iii)What value is displayed by Ranjit?

Arvind was jobless for quite some time and was thinking of some business with low investment in his village which has abundance of flowering plants of various types. One day, he expressed his desire to his uncle who was an agricultural scientist. He advised him to start bee-keeping in his village.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is bee keeping?
(ii) What are the products obtained from bee keeping?
(iii) What information is required for successful bee keeping?

Ramesh somewhere heard about human genome project.He discuss it with his biology teacher who explained that is a comprehensive project(approx.cost9 billion dollars)undertaken by molecular biologists to completely map the entire human genome by determining the complete nucleotide sequences of DNA of each chromosome (22 autosoms and X, Y sex chromosomes.)
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is genomics?
(ii) What is importance of Human Genome Project?

10.

During morning walk one day, Hemant asked his uncle, who was a plant pathologist, that he wanted to control plant pests as these were destroying his garden.But, he did not want to use chemicals due to their long-term harmful effect on the environment.His uncle suggested him to go for biological control methods.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What are biopesticides?
(ii) Name any biological control agent that helps to control mosquito larvae.
(iii) What value is displayed by Hemant?

11.

In a recent case of crime, there were no witness and Ramesh was the first person to reach the site.He did not allow any onlookers to distrub the scene of crime and called the police.Careful examination by forensic experts revealed the presence of some hairs from the site of crime which helped the police to nail the culprit.
|Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) In your opinion, by which method this was possible?
(ii) What is DNA fingerprinting?
(ii) What value is displayed by Ramesh?

12.

Recently, Anil read in an article that India and China have more than 70% of world livestock and there are about 227 million cattle in India. However, their contribution to the world farm produce is less than 25%. He also read that scientists are busy in developing breeds that are specially adapted for meat production, milk production and agriculture work especially in the hot climate.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) How can we increase production of dairy products?
(ii) How can we increase milk production?
(iii) What value is displayed by Anil?

13.

Rohit was a milkman. Once, he asked his father that he has heard about high milk yielding cows but has no idea from where he can procure such a variety of cow. Rohit's father, being an agricultural scientist, solved his son's problem.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is artificial insemination?
(ii) Name two superior varieties of cows.
(iii) How did his father help his son Rohit?

14.

In a maternity ward, two new born babies got exchanged and two women claiming to be the mother of one child and the matter went to the court.The judge asked to conduct DNA test of the child and two women, and on the basis of report settled the issue of paternity
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)What is the meaning of DNA test?
(ii)How is it helpful in deciding paternity issues?

15.

Anil's grandfather read in the newspaper about golden rice. Being a farmer, he asked Anil to get more information from his teacher about this rice.Teacher explained to him that it is a new variety of rice which in precursor of vitamin A and his will be useful for rice eating poor population.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is golden rice?
(ii) Why is it beneficial for rice eating poor population?
(iii) What values is displayed by Anil's grandfather?

16.

Hari was a grower. He used to grow tomatoes on his fertile land and got very good yields. Science the vegetable market was far from his village and also he had no transport facility, most of his harvest was rotten due to delay. He consulted his friend in a agriculture university for solution to this problem who suggested him to grow transgenic tomatoes with delayed ripening genes.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What are transgenics?
(ii) How are transgenic tomato produced?
What value was displayed by Hari's friend?

17.

Shilpi heard about clones in cartoon serials on TV and also came to know about "Dolly" as a cloned sheep. She discussed it with her biology teacher who explained the meaning of clone and the method to raise the clones.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions :
(i) What is a clone ?
(ii) How clones are produced in plants ?
(iii) Why did Shilpi discuss the matter with her biology teacher ?

18.

Suresh thought of straight export of orchids as these flowers fetch high price in international market due to their beauty and longer vase life. He consulted his Botanist uncle who suggested him a fast method of propagation of orchids to earn good profits.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is plant tissue culture ?
(ii) What is micropropagation ?
(iii) What value is displayed by Suresh's uncle ?

19.

David came to India to meet hid friend Anil. Anil introduced him to his uncle and told that David is pursuing course in biotechnology. Uncle had never heard this term earlier and was curious to know about this term. David pointed towards a big tree at the base of which were present numerous tumour-like structures and said that this is the example of natural biotechnology.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions :
(i) What is biotechnology?
(ii) How are crown gall tumours formed ?
(iii) Why was uncle curious to know about biotechnology ?

20.

Rachna's father went to Kolkata where he was gifted a pot with new variety of rose. The flowers were very beautiful. On birthday of Rachna's father to bring for her the same variety of rose on his next visit to Kolkata. He smiled and advised her to raise it herself from the plants growing in his home.
Read the above passage and answer the following question:
(i) How can father's advice help Neena to raise new seedling of rose variety present in Ranchna's home?
(ii) Which method of reproduction is involved in this process?
(iii) Can this technique be used for commercial propagation of other ornamental plants?

21.

One day, Ramesh was standing in the kitchen with his mother who was cutting onions for making vegetable. He observed that in some of the onion bulbs, green leaves appeared on the upper end and roots on the lower end. In the evening, he shared his observation with his father, a Botany teacher. His father explained that in case of onion. new plants develop through sexual reproduction.
Read the above passage and answer the following question:
(i) What is the name of this type of propagation?
(II) Can this method be used for raising onion plants at home also?
(iii) Name some other vegetable which are propagated by using bulbs?
(iv) What value is displayed by Ramesh's father?

22.

Ravi saw that in the city at several places banners were displayed advising people to visit Red Ribbon Express Train standing at railway station of his city. He became curious and reached station. There, he came to know that the train was there to spread awareness about AIDS.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is AIDS?
(ii) What are the methods to stop the spread of AIDS?
(iii) What are the misconceptions about AIDS?
(iv) What value is displayed by Ravi?

23.

Amit observed that the children of labourers, working at the construction site of his new house, were not having proper clothes and malnourished. He asked sympathetically to one of the labourers the reason of possible condition of their children. Labourer told him that he does not earn enough to fulfil the needs of his family. Amit suggested that although he can not increase his income but he can control his family size by using birth control techniques and advised him to go to the nearest primary health centre where such devices are freely available.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What value is displayed by Amit?
(ii) What are the methods available for birth control?
(iii) What is the additional advantage of using condom?

24.

One day, Monu did not go to school as he was not feeling well and on listening the sound of door bell he opened the door and saw two health workers at his doorstep. These health workers asked whether there was may any child of less than five years in his so that they could give him polio drops. He replied in affirmative and called his younger brother. They asked him to open his mouth and put two drops in his mouth from a vial. His neighbour, however, hid his child from health workers.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) Who took the right decision Monu or his neighbour?
(ii) What was the need of giving polio drops?
(iii) What other vaccines are given to newborn?

25.

The total human population is over 6 billion.Population of India is 1.21 billion.The number of individuals inhabiting per unit area is known as population density.Population density of India was in\(178/{ km }^{ 2 }\) 1971, \(216/{ km }^{ 2 }\) in 1971. Bangladesh, Japan, and Netherland are the most thickly populated countries with density of population being in\(617/{ km }^{ 2 }\) Bangladesh and in \(319/{ km }^{ 2 }\) Netherland.
Answer the questions:
(i) What are consequences of overpopulation in India?
(ii) List any three measure to avoid pregnancy.
(iii) What are side-effects of use of steroidal pills as contraceptive?

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Answers Key:

Generic 5

25 x 5 = 125

(i) It is a phenomenon of mutual exchange of the corresponding segments of the adjacent paternal and maternal chromatids.
(ii) It leads to the formation of recombinants.It is a major source of variations in sexual reproducing organisms which is responsible for evolution.
(iii) Crossing over offers a veriety of traits and some of these may be desirable and can be selected for commercial propagation.
(iv) Teacher enhanced the scientific knowledge of Sonu so that he maintains his interest in science.

(i) SCP refers to the large-scale production of protein obtained from unicellular or filamentous microorganisms.
(ii) Spirulina, Chlorella.
(iii) He was concerned about the welfare of the society.

(i) Vaccines are either attenuated or dead agents of disease which when administered into healthy person, provide immunity against that particular disease.
(ii) Banana vaccine is a transgenic banana having enterotoxin gene from E.coli in their genetic material.Such bananas, as edible vaccines, protect children from diarrohea.

(i) BT cotton is genetically modified cotton.
(ii) It has been developed by introducing BT toxin gene to the cotton plant from a bacterium which is resistant to bollworms.
(iii) Grandfather was concerned about the well being of his friend and advised him to grow genetically modified, disease resistant variety od frop.

(i) A balanced diet and regular exercise.
(ii) It regulates sugar level in the blood.
(iii) Biotechnology is helpful by producing genetically engineered bacteria which are capable of producing insulin in culture.It will cater to the demand of needy people.

(i) Biofertilisers are the microorganisms which bring about soil nutrient enrichment, maximise ecological benefits and minimise environmental hazards.
(ii) Nostoc, Anabaena.
(iii) The scientist was concerned about the clean environment and, therefore, he suggested Rahul to use the ecofriendly technique.

(i)In human beings, blood is classified into four groups A, B, AB and O on the basis of proteins present on the surface of red blood cells.
(ii)Different people have different blood groups due to difference in the genotypes of different people.Blood group is controlled by two codominant alleles and one recessive allele in human being.
(iii)Ranjit wanted to help others, without delay, in case of emergency.

(i) Beekeeping or apiculture is an important enterprise of agriculture concerned with the maintenance of hives of honey bees for the commercial production of honey and wax.
(ii) Honey and wax.
(iii) (i) Good knowledge of the nature and habit of bees;
(ii) suitable location;
(iii) catching and having of swarms;
(iv) skills for management of bee hives during different flowering seasons;
(v) handling and collection of honey and wax.

(i) It is branch of biology which deals with mapping, sequencing and analysing genome
(ii) It will help in basic understanding of human genetics, disorders revealing the genes responsible for various ailments such as cardiovascular ailments, Alzheimer, cancer etc.and treatment of such disorders.

10.

(i) Biopesticides are the pesticides of biological origin or the biological control agents which are used to control the pests.
(ii) Gambusia fish
(iii) Hemant was concerned about the environment

11.

(i) It is possible by DNA fingerprinting of hairs.
(ii) DNA fingerprinting is the technique is which DNA profiles of suspects is matched with the DNA profile of objects, found on the scene of crime spot.
(iii) His alertness in preserving the scene of crime so that no vital clue was destroyed till the investigating team took charge.

12.

(i) We can increase production of dairy products by better management practices including modern methods of storage and processing of milk products.
(ii) We can increase milk production by cross breeding native cattle with improved varieties which yield large quantity of better quality milk.
(iii) Anil was concerned about low productivity of live stock in his country.

13.

(i) This method involves collection of semen from desired male parent and its injection into the reproductive tract of the selected female.
(ii) Jersey and Holstein
(iii) Rohit's father solved his son's problem by advising him to get his cows artificially inseminated.

14.

(i) DNA test refers to profiling of DNA of an individual
(ii) It is done by comparing the base pair sequences of DNA of the child with those of the parents

15.

(i) Golden rice is variety of rice in which rice grain has a coating of beta carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.
(ii) It is very useful for poor rice eating human population which generally suffers from vitamin A deficiency.
(iii) Being a farmer, Anil's grandfather was concerned about the latest development in agriculture and wanted to grow such varieties which provide better nutrition contents to human beings.

16.

(i) These are the organisms which contain functional foreign genes.
(ii) These are produced by experimentally introduced gene into their genome by genetic engineering from another species.
(iii) Hari's friend helped him by advising him transgenic crop having delayed ripening property.

17.

(i) Clones are identical copies of an organism produced by biotechnological methods.
(ii) In plants, clones are produced by clonal propagation using tissue culture technique.
(iii) Shilpi was curious to enhance her knowledge about biotechnological techniques.

18.

(i) It is the technique of growing cell, tissue, organ or whole plant under controlled conditions.
(ii) Micropropagation is the technique of producing a large number of identical plants from small explant within a short period using tissue culture technique.
(iii) His uncle, being a Botanist, guided his nephew to adopt modern biotechnology techniques so that he could earn handsome profits.

19.

(i) Biotechnology is the study of interchanged use of biochemistry, microbiology and engineering sciences in order to achieve technological application of the capabilities of microorganisms, cultured cells/tissue and parts thereof.
(ii) These are formed by integration of a segment of DNA of the bacterium Agrobacterium tufmefaciens into the host DNA.
(iii) His desire to know the latest developments in science.

20.

(i) Father's advice helped Neena to raise new seedlings of rose variety by using 'cuttings' of the desired variety and planting them in soil in favorable season.
(ii) Asexual method of reproduction is involved.
(iii) Yes, this can be used commercially for Bougainvillea, Carnation and Coleus.

21.

(i) This type of propagation is known as vegetable propagation.
(ii) Yes, we can raise onions in our kitchen garden by this method.
(iii) Garlic.
(iv) Ramesh's father educated his son by giving scientific explanation to his observations.

22.

(i) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) is a fatal disease caused by HIV. It spreads through HIV infected blood transfusion, Unprotected sex, sharing syringe with infected person etc.
(ii) Avoid sharing syringes and unprotected sex with persons.
(iii) It can spread by shaking hand, or sharing clothes and living with AIDS patients.
(iv) Ravi, being a good citizen, wanted to be aware about current problems in the society.

23.

(i) Amit displayed his concern about the well being of others, about poverty and improving quality of life.
(ii) There are several methods of birth control which can broadly be classified under natural (coitus interrupts), barrier (condom, diaphragms, Intrauterine devices) and physiological (oral hormonal pills) categories.
(iii) Condoms also protect from infection of AIDS and STDs.

24.

(i) Monu was right as he knew the importance of vaccination.
(ii) Polio is a viral disease which results in permanent disability in children and vaccination at early stage is the only method of protection from this disease.
(iii) DPT,BCG, Tetanus toxoid and Typhoid vaccine are given to newborn babies to protect them from many diseases.

25.

(i) Consequences of over-population:
1. Poverty
2. Shortage of food
3. Unhygienic living conditions
4. Unemployment
5. Housing problem
6. Population
(ii) Measures to avoid pregnancy:
1. Use of condoms.
2. Use of Intra contraceptive devices such as Cu -T.
3. Intake of oral pills.
(iii) Side-effects of steroidal oral pills:
1. Increase in risk of intravascular clotting.
2. May lead to cancer of breast.
3. Cause hypertension.
4.Cause liver malfunctioning.