(i) Banana produces a new plant through vegetative propagation. It is a type of asexual reproduction as no fusion of gametes is involved (contrary to sexual reproduction). 
(ii) Following are some fruits and vegetables that can reproduce by this method (a) Garlic through bulbs, (b) Potato by eyes, (c)Mint by sucker formation.
(iii) Sapna's brother is observant, intelligent, inquisitive and has a scientific temperament.

Agriculturists have developed insect-pest resistant varieties of crops with characteristic features like
(i)Hairy leaves and solid stems.
(ii)Nectar-less varieties of cotton.
(ill) High aspartic acid and low nitrogen and sugar content lead to resistance to stem.
(iv) Improving protein content and quality.

Single cell protein is the large quantities of biomass produced by culturing single type of cells or microorganisms which serve as food specially rich in protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamines.
Importance:
(i) It serves as rich source of protein in human diet.
(ii) It reduces pressure on agricultural production system for the supply of protein requirement.
(iii) It helps in reducing environmental pollution
Examples:
Spirulina-a cyanobacterium or blue green algae.
Methylophilus methylotrophus-a bacterium.

(i) Stagnant water bodies, water tanks, flower pots etc. should be searched for checking mosquitos breeding.
(ii) Malaria, Dengue.
(iii) Gambusia, Dragonfly, which feed on mosquito larva & thus eliminate the mosquitoes.

(a) Reduce air pollution, improve exposure/ sensitivity of the children to the environment to reduce vulnerability, improve resistance, improve food habits resulting in good health, introduce physical exercise (any other appropriate measure) (any four) 
(b) Mites in dust, pollen, animal dander (any two)Immune system respond by producing antibodies of IgE type, inducing mast cells release chemicals like histamine/serotonin in response to allergens.

(i) The banana tree reproduces with the help of rhizomes.
(ii) There is no difference in the nutrition value. The banana fruit develops without the act of fertilization, and thus it is a seedless fruit (parthenocarpic fruit). But it is also a true fruit because it develops from the ovary.

(i) MOET = (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer) technology. 
(ii) Process of MOET-It has following steps:
(a) The selected cow is given hormone with FSH like activity to induce super ovulations as a result 6-8 eggs instead of one per cycle are produced.
(b) The cow is subjected to mating or artificial insemination.
(c) The eggs 8-32 cell stage are removed and transferred to surrogate mother for further development. 
(iii) Mahesh - a friend of Suresh is bold and ethical and shows love and care for animals.

(i) Artificial hybridization is done for obtaining the improved quality of fruits and crops.
(ii) The bagging of the flowers is done to avoid the pollination by unwanted pollen grains present in air and also that only the pollen with desired traits may be used to pollinate the covered flowers manually.
(iii) The caretaker has exhibited the scientific aptitude, awareness and knowledge. Mohan and his friend have shown a high value and ability of keen observation and inquisitiveness.

(i) Yes, there are plants which bear flowers and never open i.e., remain always closed. e.g., Oxalis, Commelina, Arachis hypogea (Ground nut), etc.
(ii) Such flowers are called as Cleistogamous flowers
(iii) Such flowers undergo self pollination (autogamy). In such flowers anther and stigma lie close to each other. When the anther dehisce the pollen grains come in contact with stigma and pollination takes place.
(iv) Values exhibited Sheela is quite active, lively in her life and is very observant, curious, enquiring and inquisitive about nature and her surroundings.

(i) National Park belongs to In situ conservation method.
(ii) First national park of India is Haileys National Park which is now called as Jim Corbett National Park.
(iii) According to National Wildlife Database Cell, Wildlife Institute of India there are 103 national parks till now.
(iv) His friend is calm and has knowledge about biodiversity.

(i) 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' is a cleanliness drive launched by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India on 2 October 2014. I totally support this campaign.This initiative is needed to solve the sanitation problem and waste management in India. Following this drive by all citizens will ensure hygiene across the country. It will spread awareness among people on the importance of clean surroundings. An unclean environment leads to various diseases, different types of pollution and creates a feeling of disgust in the minds of viewer. As a responsible Indian citizen, we all should join this drive with enthusiasm.
(ii) Two major problems can be:
(a) Lack of adequate sanitation
(b) Separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances so that they can be treated property.
(iii) Two remedial measures to overcome problems are:
(a) Large number of toilets need to be constructed and people should be made aware about the importance of proper sanitation.
(b) Separate bins have to be installed for biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

(ii) Biodiversity can be conserved in the following two ways:
In situ conservation Sacred groves, biosphere reserves (terrestrial and marine), national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, etc.
Ex situ conservation Scared plants, home gardens, seed banks, gene bank, cryopreservation, botanical garden, zoological garden and aquariums.
(iii) For conserving biodiversity, the Earth Summits was held in 1992 and World Summits was held in 2002.
(iv) Respect for nature, scientific attitude with a vision of the future.

(iii) No, Alok was a brave and courteous boy. He expressed his love for animals, commitment towards natural resources and their conservation.

(i) Continuity of the habitat (i.e. forest) would be disrupted. Animals get confined to smaller area. Fragmentation characteristically reduces species richness and taxon diversity and may reduce the efficacy of ecosystem functioning. Fragmentation not only reduces the amount of functional habitat, but also it may isolate a species population into sub-populations. It may be sufficiently near the minimum viable population size, to risk the local extinction from successive demographic processes or catastrophic events.
(ii) Forest are important for mankind due to following reasons:
(a) They are source of firewood, fibre, construction material, industrial products and products of medicinal importance.
(b) They provide us with fresh air (oxygen) and also help in bringing down rain.
(c) Acts as a habitat of a wide variety of flora and fauna.
(d) They also help in keeping environment healthy and beautiful.
(iii) Love for nature and environment conciousness. She was brave, focussed, and foresighted (had vision to see he disaster in the future.)

(i) Mycorrhizae
(ii) In this association, fungi help the plants in absorption of nutrients, while plants provide food for the fungus.
(iii) (a) It optimises the use of fertilisers, especially phosphorus
(b) It increases crop yield and plant tolerance to saline environments.
(iv) Students are curious towards science and biological aspects.

(i) He occupies three trophic levels in three different food chains.
(ii) (a)Plants(vegetables) ->Pragyan
(b)Plants->Insects->Hen->Egg->Pragyan
(c)Plants->Hen->Egg->Pragyan.
(iii) Food chain (a) gives him maximum energy. This is because plants are autotrophs, i.e. they produce food through the process of photosynthesis and according to 10% law only 10% energy is passed on to next trophic level.
(iv) Pragyan is a sincere child, who possess scientific attitude towards his daily life.

(i) Organisms, population, communities and biomes
(ii) Orgnism is the basic unit of ecological hierarcy/organisation.
(iii) Refer to text on page 3000.
(iv) Curiosity and eagerness to learn new things.

(i) Food chain is the sequence of populations or organisms of an ecosystem through which food and its contained energy passes with each member and become food of later member of a sequence. It is a feeding chain of organisms in an ecosystem.
(ii) Grass is the producer which captures the solar energy and feeds the energy into food chain through photosynthesis.Goat is the primary consumer while man is secondary consumer.
(iii) There are mainly two types of food chain :
(a) Grazing Food Chain (GFC) - Begins with producers.
(b) Detritus Food Chain(DFC) - Begins with dead organic matter and decomposers.
(iv) Jeremy is keen and vigilant towards his studies practical applications.

(i) For the large scale production of industrial products.
(ii) He is curious, inquisitive and having interest in science. 

(i) Amplification of gene of interest using PCR is required.
(ii) Denaturation, annealing and extension are the basic steps of PCR.
(iii) Kary Mullis developed PCR in 1985
(iv) Honesty and sense of responsibility towards his duty.

(i) Assisted reproductive technology. Various methods included in ART are:
(a) Test-tube baby programme which includes IVF and zygote or embryo transfer.
(b) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
(c) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
(d) Artificial Insemination Methods
(ii) Limitations of ART_s are as follows:
(a) these techniques require extremely high precision handling by specialized professionals and expensive instrumentation.
Therefore, these facilities are presently available only in a very few center in the country.
(b) Emotional, religious and social factors are also barriers in the adoptions of these methods.
(iii) Sympathetic attitude with alertness and practical approach.

(i) Earthworms are known as detritivores as they breakdown  detritus(dead remains of plants and animals) into smaller particles. Earthworms are often called farmer's friend.
(ii) Fragmentation is the first step in the process of decomposition. It is the process by which detritivores (e.g. earthworm) breakdown detritus in smaller particles.
(iii) The steps involved in decomposition are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralisation.
(iv) Arun is very alert, curious and had scientific attitude.

(i) Restriction enzymes are derived from a defence unit called restriction modification system which protects the microorganisms from harm.
(ii) They are called as molecular scissors because they cut DNA molecules at specified location indicated by presence of specific recognition sequence.
(iii) No, the strands cut from within are joined by another enzyme called DNA ligase. This joining is either with self or with another different strand.
(iv) Varun is curious, has scientific temperament and ask quick and intelligent questions.

(i) Healthy forest ecosystem purifies air and water, mitigate droughts and floods, cycle nutrients, generates fertile soils, provides wildlife habitat, maintains biodiversity, pollinate crops, provides storage site for carbon and also provides aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values.
(iii) Out of cost of various ecosystem services, soil formation accounts for 50% and contribution of other services like recreation and nutrient cycling are less then 10% each. The cost of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife are about 6% each.
(iv) Values shown by Avinash are awareness towards ecosystem and environment.

(i) We disagree. Since the awareness among people has not reached to the extent where everyone knows how and what causes AIDS, therefore forceful and constant reminding is always required. Also, the number of AIDS cases are increasing too fast. So, awareness is necessary.
(ii) Some methods by which AIDS spreads are:
(a) Unprotected sexual contact.
(b) Use of contaminated needles and syringes.
(c) Use of contaminated razors or other instruments used for piercing body parts, e.g. Pinna.
(d) Transfusion of infected blood or blood products.
(e) Organ transplant.
(f) Parturition.
(iii) AIDS is Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a type of STD caused by HIV
(iv) Sense of understanding towards AIDS application of knowledge in life, national responsibility, and commitment towards society.