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Published on: 28/05/2021
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Chemistry Test1.
The energy change accompanying the equilibrium reaction A \(\rightleftharpoons \) B is -33.0 kJ mol-1. Calculate
(i) Equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction at 300 K
(ii) Energy of activation forward and backward reaction (Ef and Eb) at 300 K. Given that Ef and Assume that pre-exponential factor is same for forward and backward reaction.
2.
The values of the rate constant for the decomposition of H1 into H2 and I2 at different temperatures are given below :
| T/K | 633 | 667 | 710 | 738 |
| 104 k/M-1s-1 | 0.19 | 1.00 | 8.31 | 25.1 |
Draw a graph between In k against 1/T and calculate the values of Arrhenius parameters.
3.
At constant temperature and volume, X decomposes as 2 X (g) \(\longrightarrow\) 3 Y (g) + 2 Z (g). Px is the partial pressure of X.
| Observation No. | Time (in minutes) | Px (in mm of Hg) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 800 |
| 2 | 100 | 400 |
| 3 | 200 | 200 |
(i) What is the order of reaction with respect to X?
(ii) Find the time for 75% completion of the reaction.
(iii) Find the total pressure when pressure of X is 700 mm of Hg.
4.
For the reaction, N2O5(g) = 2 NO2(g) + 0.5 O2 (g), calculate the mole fraction of N2O5 (g) decomposed at a constant volume and temperature, if the initial presure is 600 mm Hg and the pressure at any time is 960 mm Hg. Assume ideal gas behaviour.
5.
The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298 K is equal to that required for its 25% completion at 318 K. If the pre-exponential factor for the reaction is 3.56 \(\times 10 ^{9} s^{-1}\), calculate its rate constant at 318 K and also the energy of activation.
1.
As.ΔH = - 33 kJ mol-1, the reaction is exothermic. The activation energy diagram will be as shown in fig.
ΔH = Ef - Eb= - 33 kJ
kf = Ae-Ef/RT
kb = Ae-Eb/RT
\(K_c={k_f\over k_b}=e^{(E_b-E_f)/RT}\)
In \(K_c={E_b-E_f\over RT}\ or\ log\ K_c={E_b-E_f\over 2.303RT}={30000\ J\ mol^{-1}\over 2.303(8.314JK^{-1}mol^{-1})300K}=5.2227\)
Kc = Antilog 5·2227 = 1·67 x 105
Substituting \(E_b={31\over 20}E_f,\)We get
\(E_f-{31\over 20}E_f=-33\ or\ {-{11\over 20}}E_f=-33\ or\ E_f={33\times20\over 11}=60kJ\ mol^{-1}\)
Eb = Ef + 33 = 60 + 33 = 93 kJ mol-1
2.
From the given data, we have
| T(K) | 633 | 667 | 710 | 738 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| \({1\over T}{K^{-1}}\) | 1.58 x 10-3 | 1.50x 10-3 | 1.41x 10-3 | 1.36x 10-3 |
| k (M-1 s-I) | 0.19 x 10-4=1.9x10-5 | 1.00 x10-4 | 8.31x10-4 | 2.51x10-4=2.51x10-3 |
| Ink (= 2·303 log k) |
-10.87 | -9.21 | -7.09 | -5.99 |
Graph of 10 k vs lIT. The plot obtained is as shown in the Fig.
Slope of the line = \({y_2-y_1\over x_2-x_1}=-20.62\times10^3K\)
From Arrhenius eqn., Slope = -\({E_a\over R}\)(for plot of In k of Iff)
Ea = - Slope x R
= 20·62 x 103 K x (8·314 JK-I mol-1)
= 171.4 kJ mol-1
Further, In k = In A -\({E_a\over RT}\) or In A = in k+\({E_a\over RT}\)
Substituting T = 633 K, k = 0·19 x 10-4 s-1,
i.e. In k = - 10·87, we get
In \(A=-10.87+{171400\over8.314\times633}=-10.87+32.57=21.70\)
or A = 2·65 x 109M-1 s-1.
3.
(i) As pressure of X is changing with time, it cannot be a zero order reaction. Let us now check it for 1st order.
At t = 100 min, \(k={2.303\over 100}log{P_0\over P_t}={2.303\over 100}log {800\over 400}=6.932\times 10^{-3}min^{-1}\)
At t = 200 min, \(k={2.303\over 200}log{800\over 200}={2.303\over 800}log4=6.932\times10^{-3}min^{-1}\)
As k comes out to be constant, hence it is a reaction of 1st order
(ii)\(t_{75./.}={2.303\over k}log{100\over 100-75}={2.303\over 6.932\times10-3min}log4=200min\)
(iii) 2x (g)⟶ 3 y (g) + 2z (g)
Initial Pressure 800mm 0 0
Pressure after time t 800 - 2p 3 p 2 p
When pressure of X is 700 mm, 800 - 2 p = 700 or p = 50 mm
Total pressure = (800 - 2 p) + 3 p + 2 p = 800 + 3 p = 800 + 3 x 50 = 950 mm.
4.
Suppose initial pressure of N2O5 is P mm and decrease is pressure of N2O5 in time t is p mm.
Then N2O5 (g) = 2 N02 (g) + 0·5 02 (g)
Initial P mm
After time t, (P-p) 2p 0·5 p Total = P + 1·5p
P ∝ 600 mm and (P + 1·5p) ∝ 960 mm or 1·5p ∝ 360 mm or p o∝ 240 mm
Mole fraction of N2O5 decomposed\(={p\over P}={240\over 600}=0.4\)
5.
\(t_1={2.303\over k_1}log{a\over 0.10a}=t_1={2.303\over k_2}log{a\over a-0.25a}\)
As t1 = t2 \({2.303\over k_1}log{a\over 0.90a}={2.303\over k_2}log{a\over 0.7a};\ {k_2\over k_1}={log(100/75)\over log(100/90)}=2.73\)
But \(log{k_2\over k_1}={E_a\over 2.303R}\left(T_2-T_1\over T_1T_2\right)\)
Putting k2/k1) = 2.73, R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1, T1 = 298 K, T2 = 308 K, we get Ea = 76.6 kJ mol-1
Further, k - Ae-Ea / RT or log k = log A -\({E_a\over 2.303RT}\)
Putting A = 3.56 x 109s-1, R = 8.314 x 10-3 kJ K-1 mol-1, Ea = 76.6 kJ mol-1, T = 318 K, we get
k = 9.3 x 10-4 S-1.
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