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Published on: 28/05/2021
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Chemistry Test1.
When inversion of surcose is studied at pH = 5, the half-life period is always found to be 500 minutes irrespective of any initial concentration but when it is studied at pH = 6, the half-life period is found to be 50 minutes. Derive the rate law expression for the inversion of surcose.
2.
Two first reactions proceed at the same rate at 15oC when started with same initial concentration. The temperature coefficient of the first reaction is 2 while that of the second reaction is 3. What will be the ratio of the rates of these reactions at 55oC ?
3.
For the reaction, N2O5(g) = 2 NO2(g) + 0.5 O2 (g), calculate the mole fraction of N2O5 (g) decomposed at a constant volume and temperature, if the initial presure is 600 mm Hg and the pressure at any time is 960 mm Hg. Assume ideal gas behaviour.
4.
The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298 K is equal to that required for its 25% completion at 318 K. If the pre-exponential factor for the reaction is 3.56 \(\times 10 ^{9} s^{-1}\), calculate its rate constant at 318 K and also the energy of activation.
5.
The half time of first order decomposition of nitramide is 2.1 hour at 15oC. NH2NO2(aq) \(\longrightarrow\) N2O(g) + H2O (I)
If 6.2 g of MH2NO2 is allowed to decompose, calculate
(i) time taken for NH2NO2 to decompose 99% and
(ii) volume of dry N2O produced at this point, measured at STP.
1.
At pH = 5, as half-life period is found to be independent of initial concentration of sucrose, this means with respect to sucrose, it is a reaction of first order, i.e., Rate = k [Sucrose].
If n is the order with respect to H+ion, t1/2 ∝ [H+]I-n,
i.e., 500 ∝ (10-5)I-n [PH = 5 means [H+] = 10-5 M] .......(I)
and 50 ∝ (l0-6)I-n [pH = 6 means [H+] = 10-6 M] .......(ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), 10 = (lo)l-n i.e. 1 - n = 1 or n = 0, i.e., order with respect to H+ion = O.Hence, overall rate law is Rate = k [Sucrose] [H+]o.
2.
If RI is the rate of first reaction at 25°C, then as its temperature coefficient is 2, its rate at 35°C will be = 2 R1, at 45°C = 2 x 2 R1 = 4 R1 and at 55°C = 2 x 4 R1 = 8 R1
If R2.is the rate of the second reaction at 25°C, then as its temperature coefficient is 3, its rate at 35°C will be = 3 R2, at 45°C = 3 x 3 R2 = 9 R2 and at 55°C = 3 x 9 R2 = 27 R2
Also, we are given R1 = R2, i.e., at 25°C, the rates are equal.
At 550C, \({Rate\ of\ 2nd\ reaction\over Rate\ of\ 1st\ reaction}={27R_2\over 8R_1}={27\over 8}\)
3.
Suppose initial pressure of N2O5 is P mm and decrease is pressure of N2O5 in time t is p mm.
Then N2O5 (g) = 2 N02 (g) + 0·5 02 (g)
Initial P mm
After time t, (P-p) 2p 0·5 p Total = P + 1·5p
P ∝ 600 mm and (P + 1·5p) ∝ 960 mm or 1·5p ∝ 360 mm or p o∝ 240 mm
Mole fraction of N2O5 decomposed\(={p\over P}={240\over 600}=0.4\)
4.
\(t_1={2.303\over k_1}log{a\over 0.10a}=t_1={2.303\over k_2}log{a\over a-0.25a}\)
As t1 = t2 \({2.303\over k_1}log{a\over 0.90a}={2.303\over k_2}log{a\over 0.7a};\ {k_2\over k_1}={log(100/75)\over log(100/90)}=2.73\)
But \(log{k_2\over k_1}={E_a\over 2.303R}\left(T_2-T_1\over T_1T_2\right)\)
Putting k2/k1) = 2.73, R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1, T1 = 298 K, T2 = 308 K, we get Ea = 76.6 kJ mol-1
Further, k - Ae-Ea / RT or log k = log A -\({E_a\over 2.303RT}\)
Putting A = 3.56 x 109s-1, R = 8.314 x 10-3 kJ K-1 mol-1, Ea = 76.6 kJ mol-1, T = 318 K, we get
k = 9.3 x 10-4 S-1.
5.
\(k={0.693\over t_{1/2}}={0.693\over 2.1hr}=0.33hr^{-1}\)
x = 99% of a = 0·99 a
\(t={2.303\over k}log{a\over a-x}={2.303\over 0.33hr^{-1}}log{a\over a-0.99a}={2.303\over 0.33}log 10^2=13.69hours\)
(ii) Amount decomposed = 99% of 6.2 g =\({99\over 100}\times 6.2g=6.138g\)
1 mol NH2NO2 (63g) produce N2O at STP = 22·4 L
6.138 g will produce N2O at STP =\({22.4\over 63}\times6.138\ L=2.2176L\)
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