(i) Phenacetin is an antipyretic, while the rest are tranquillizers.
(ii) Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids.
(iii) 0.2% solution of phenol acts as antiseptic whereas 1% solution of phenol acts as a disinfectant.

(i) Sodium benzoate is a food preservative.
(ii) Bithional is added to soaps to reduce the odours produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter on the skin due to its antiseptic properties.
(iii)Tranquilizers are used in sleeping pills

(i) Sucralose (or any other)
(ii) Antibiotics are the chemical substances that inhibit the growth or even destroy micro-organisms.
Example: Ofloxacin, Chloramphenicol
(iii) Proteins, Nucleic acid.

(a) Luminal produces sleep and is habit forming. These are also called sedative tranquilizers.
(b) Seconal is an antidepressant (tran- quilizer). Sometimes the patients are highly depressed and lose self- confidence This drug produces feeling of well being and improve efficiency.
(c) Streptomycin is an antibiotic. It is used to cure tuberculosis.

(a) Penicillin is an antibiotic used against large number of infections caused by various cocci, gram positive bacteria, etc. It is an effective drug for pneumonia, bronchitis, sore throat and abscesses.
(b) Morphine is a strong analgesic and narcotics. It causes addiction. It gives relief from acute pain, induce sleep and unconsciousness in higher doses.
(c) Analgin is antipyretic and analgesic. It brings down temperature of body in fever and give relief from pain.

Detergents are chemicals obtained from materials other than animal fat.
They are mostly sodium or potassium salts of benzene sulphonic acids or sulphates of long chain alkenes or quarternary ammonium salts of long chain tertiary amines.
Types of Detergents:
(i) Cationic detergents
(i) Anionic detergents
(iii) Non-ionic detergents.
Advantages of Detergents over Soaps:
(i) They work well even with hard water.
(ii) They can work well even with acidic water.
(iii) They can be used for woollen garments.
(iv) They are more effective than soaps.
Example: Sodium benzene sulphonate is an example of anionic detergent.

(i) Cationic detergents: These are mostly acetates or chlorides or bromides of quarternary ammonium salts. They are more expensive, therefore used to limited extent. Such detergents possess germicidal properties and are used extensively as germicides, eg., cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride [(CH₃ (CH₂)₁₅N(CH₃)₃]⁺ Cr is cationic detergent.
(i) Food preservatives: Those chemicals which are added into food to prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth. The most common preservative is sodium benzoate, C₆H₅COONa. Salts of propanoic acid and sorbic acid are also used as preservatives. (any one example)
(iii) Analgesics: Those drugs, which relieve or decrease pain without causing unconsciousness, paralysis or incoordination, mental confusion are termed as analgesics. Aspirin, analgin, seridon, anacine, aspro, morphine, codeine. (any one example)

(i) Brompheniramine is antihistamine. It gives relief from allergy.
(ii) Aspirin is analgesic and antipyretic (pain reliever). It also acts as blood thinner.
(iii) Equanil helps in treatment of depression.

Biodegradable detergents are those which are decomposed by microorganisms like bacteria into harmless products. They do not create water pollution. Detergents having linear alkyl chains are biodegradable.
Non-biodegradable detergents are those which are not decomposed by microorganisms in sewage. They create water pollution. For example, n-lauryl sulphonate is biodegradable whereas detergent with branched chains are non-biodegradable.

(a) Antiseptics do not harm tissues whereas disinfectants are harmful for tissues. 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic, 2% is disinfectant.
(b) It is iodine dissolved in alcohol. It is used as antiseptic.