According to Section 41, if a promisee accepts the performance of the promise by a third person he cannot afterwards enforce it against the promisor.

Appropriation means application of payments - The question of appropriation of payments 'arises when a debtor owes several debts to the same creditor and makes a payment that is not sufficient to discharge the whole indebtedness.
(i) Appropriation of payment
(ii) Application of payment where debt to be discharged is not indicated.
(iii) Application of payment where neither party appropriates.

According to Section 41,if a promisee accepts the performance of the promise by a third person he cannot afterwards enforce it against the promisor.

Appropriation means application of payments.It arises when a debtor owes several debts to the same creditor and makes a payment that is not sufficient to discharge the whole indebtedness.

(i) Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 provides that when two or more persons make a joint promise, the promisee may, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, compel any one or more of such joint promisors to perform the whole of the promise.
(ii) Thus, A shall be liable to pay the entire sum of Rs 3000 to D.

Reciprocal promises are of three types.
They are:
(i) Mutual and concurrent
(ii) Conditional and dependent
(iii) Mutual and independent

(i) Sometimes it happens so that the promisor offers performance of his obligation under the contract at the proper time and place but the promisee refuses to accept the performance.
(ii) This is what is known as offer to perform or tender.

According to Para 2 of Section 40, the promisor may employ a competent person such as agent to perform the promise, if the contract is not formed on personal condition. That person is called an agent.

A legal representative can demand exception performance.

The kinds of reciprocal promises are:
(i) Mutual and Independent
(ii) Mutual and Dependent
(iii) Mutual and Concurrent