Open Market Operations: The RBI directly buys or sells the securities and bills in the money market either to decrease or to increase the total volume of money.

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): It is the ratio of Cash reserves with the RBI kept by Scheduled banks in proportion to the Total Time and Demand Liabilities with them.

(a) Banking Department: The bank has seven offices of Banking Department
(i) Public Accounts Department
(ii) the Public Debit Office
(iii) Deposit Accounts Department
(iv) Securities Department.
(b) Issue Department:
(i) General Department,
(ii) Cash Department.
(c) Central Policy Department:
(i) Credit Planning Cell
(ii) Personal PolicyDepartment.
(iii) Administration Department.

Every country has a Central Bank. It acts as the leader of the money market, supervising, controlling and regulating the activities of commercial banks and other financial institutions.
It is the apex bank. It is the bank of Note-issue. It acts as the banker, agent and advisor to the Government. Such a bank is called the Central Bank. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI)is the Central Bank of India.

According to Kent, "It may be defined as an institution charged with the responsibility of managing the expansion and contraction of the volume of money in the interest of the general public welfare."

(i) Bank of Hindustan was the first bank in India established in 1770 and was closed in 1932.
(ii) The General Bank of India was established in 1786 and was also liquidated in 1791.
(iii) Bank of Calcutta was the first joint stock bank established in 1806. It was renamed as the Bank of Bengal in 1809.
(iv) Bank of Bombay in 1840 and Bank of Madras in 1843 were established."These banks are called Presidential Banks"(Bengal, Bombay and Madras only)

(i) Australia - Reserve Bank of Australia
(ii) Algeria - Bank of Algeria
(iii) Canada - Bank of Canada

1. The Central Bank of Russia is the Bank of Russia
2. The Central Bank of Sri Lanka is the Central Bank of Sri Lanka
3. The Central Bank of the USA is Federal Reserve (or) The Fed
4. The Central Bank of Pakistan is The State Bank of Pakistan

Bank of Bombay, Bank of Madras and Bank of Bengal are called Presidential Banks.

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.

Bank of Hindustan was the first bank in India established in 1770 and was closed in 1932.

In ancient days the following concepts were in practice in Tamil Nadu:
1. Patru-debit, Varavu-credit,
2. Selavu-expenditure,
3. Laabam-profit,
4. Nashtam-loss, which all collectively known as'Iynthogai.' - trial balance.The ledger is called as 'Peredu'.

"A central bank being generally recognized as a bank which constitutes the apex of the monetary and banking structure of its country and which performs as best as it can, in the national economic interest." - De Kock.
(or)
"It may be defined as an institution charged with the responsibility of managing the expansion and contraction of the volume of money in the interest of the general public welfare." - Kent.
(or)
"A Central Bank is the bank in any country to which has been entrusted the duty of regulating the volume of currency and credit in that country." - Bank of International Settlement (BIS).

"Banking means the accepting for the purpose of lending or investment of deposits of money from the public, repayable on demand or otherwise and withdrawable by cheque, draft, pay order or otherwise".

Educational, medical, hospitality are the services included in service businesses.