To protect the information the following points to be noted:
1. Complex password settings can make your surfing secure.
2. When the internet is not in use, disconnect it.
3. Do NOT open spam mail or emails that have an unfamiliar sender.
4. When using anti-virus software, keep it up to- date

1. A proxy server acts as an intermediary between the end users and a web server. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resources available from a different server.
2. The proxy server examines the request, checks authenticity and grants the request based on that. Proxy servers typically keep the frequently visited site addresses in its cache which leads to improved response time.

Web sites typically use cookies for the following reasons:
1. To collect demographic information about who has visited the Web site.
2. Sites often use this information to track how often visitors come to the site and how long they remain on the site.
3. It helps to personalize the user's experience on the Web site.
4. Cookies can help store personal information about users so that when a user subsequently returns to the site, a more personalized experience is provided.

Pharming:
Pharming is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a personal computer or server, misdirecting users to fraudulent web sites without their knowledge or permission. Pharming has been called "phishing without a trap". It is another way hackers attempt to manipulate users on the Internet. It is a cyberattac intended to redirect a website's traffic to a fake site.

Phishing:
1. Phishing is a type of computer crime used to attack, steal user data, including login name, password and credit card numbers. It occurs when an attacker targets a victim into opening an e-rnailer an instant text message.
2. The attacker uses phishing to distribute malicious links or attachments that can perform a variety of functions including the extraction of sensitive login credentials from victims.

1. Cyber attacks are launched primarily for causing significant damage to a computer system or for stealing important information from an individual or from an organization.
2. Cyber security is a collection of various technologies, processes and measures that reduces the risk of cyber-attacks and protects organizations and individuals from computer-based threats.

UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS:
1. Unauthorized access is when someone gains access to a website, program, server, service, or other system by breaking into a legitimate user account.
2. For example, if someone tries guessing a password or user name for an account that was not theirs until they gained access, it is considered an unauthorized access.

An Ethical issue is a problem or issue that requires a person or organization to choose between alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical). These issues must be addressed and resolved to have a positive influence in society.
Some of the common ethical issues are listed below:
1. Cyber crime
2. Software Piracy
3. Unauthorized Access
4. Hacking
5. Use of computers to commit fraud
6. Sabotage in the form of viruses
7. Making false claims using computers.

GUIDELINES OF ETHICS:
Generally, the following guidelines should be observed by computer users:
1. Honesty: Users should be truthful while using the internet.
2. Confidentiality: Users should not share any important information with unauthorized people.
3. Respect: Each user should respect the privacy of other users.
4. Professionalism: Each user should maintain a professional conduct.
5. Obey The Law: Users should strictly obey the cyber law in computer usage.6.
6. Responsibility: Each user should take ownership and responsibility for their actions.