Abstraction means giving only essential things and hiding unnecessary details. Encapsulation is the binding of data members and methods together in a capsule to avoid accidental changes to data from external users. i.e., encapsulation is the bundling of related algorithms and data.

A string is defined as a sequence of characters where each character may be a letter, number or a symbol. Each element occupies one byte of memory. Every string is terminated by a null ('\0', ASCII code 0) character which must be appended at the end of the string.

Output:
2 4 6 8 10.

It is a diagrammatic representation of algorithms.

ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC 1

A task is a function such as printing a document, writing a file to disk, editing a file or downloading a file etc. MS-DOS is an example for a single user and single task Operating System.

Multiprocessing is one of the features of operating system. It has two or more processors for a single running process. Each processor works on different parts of the same task or two or more different tasks.

The ALU is a part of CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical operations.

Important features of Modular programming:
1. Emphasis on algorithm rather than data
2. Programs are divided into individual modules
3. Each modules are independent of each other and have their own local data
4. Modules can work with its own data as well as with the data passed to it.
Example: Pascal and C.

The structure declared within another structure is called a nested structure
Example:
struct Student
{
int age;
float height, weight;
struct dob
{
int date;
char month[4];
int year;
};
}sl;

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"\n PRINT SERIES";
for (int i=1;i< 40; i=i+3)
cout << i << "1+";
cin.get():
return ();
}

Compound statements are composed of sequential, alternative and iterative control flow statements.

S1; S2; S4

(i) An as is a system software which serves as the interface between a user and computer.
(ii) It is defined as a collection of programs that coordinates the operations of computer hardware and software.
(iii) On the basis of interaction, the Operating systems are divided in two types as GUI and CUI.

(i) This algorithm is based on queuing technique. This is the basic logic of the FIFO algorithm.
(ii) Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on.
(iii) The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row).

Impact printers:
(i) Impact printer refers to the class of printers that work by banging a head or needle against an ink ribbon to make a mark on the paper.
(ii) Impact printers are very noisy.
(iii) These printers can print on multi-part.
Eg: Dot Matrix, Line printers.