For creating and executing a C++ program, one must follow four important steps.
(i) Creating Source code: Creating includes typing and editing the valid C++ code as per the rules followed by the C++ Compiler
(ii) Saving source code with extension .cpp: After typing, the source code should be saved with the extension .cpp
(iii) Compilation: This is an important step in constructing a program. In compilation, compiler links the library files with the source code and verifies each and every line of code. If any mistake or error is found, it will inform you to make corrections. If there are no errors, it translates the source code into machine-readable object file with an extension .obj
(iv) execution: This is the final step of construction of a C++ Program. In this stage, the object file becomes an executable file with extension .exe. Once the program becomes an executable file, the program has an independent existence. This means you can run your application without the help of any compiler or IDE.

Punctuators are symbols, which are used as delimiters, while constructing a C++ program. They are also called as "Separators". The following punctuators are used in C++; most of these symbols are very similar to C and Java.

Separator	Description
Curly braces { }	Opening and closing curly braces indicate the start and the end of a block of code. A block of code containing more than one executable statement. These statements together are called as "compound statements".
Parenthesis ( )	Opening and closing parenthesis indicate function calls and function parameters.
Square brackets [ ]	It indicates single and multidimensional arrays.
Comma,	It is used as a separator in an expression.
Semicolon ;	Every executable statement in C++ should terminate with a semicolon.
Colon:	It is used to label a statement.
Comments // /*    */	All statements that begin with II are treated as comments. Comments are simply ignored by compilers. i.e., the compiler does not execute any statement that begins with a // // Single line comment /*    */ Multiline comment.

Type of Error	Description
Syntax Error	Syntax errors occur when grammatical rules of C++ are violated.
Semantic Error	Semantic Error occur when there is wrong use of variable/ operator/order of execution etc. It is also called as Logical Error.
Run-time error	A run time error occurs during the execution of a program. It is occurs because of some illegal operation that takes place.

Binary Operators require two operands.
Arithmetic operators that perform simple arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division (+,-*, %,/) etc. are binary operators which requires minimum of two operands.
Relational operators are used to determine the relationship between its operands. The relational operators (<,>,>, <=,=, !=) are applied on two operands, hence they are binary operators.
AND, OR (logical operator) both are binary operators.
Assignment operator is also a binary operator (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=)

Operators are executed in the order of precedence. The operands and the operators are grouped in a specific logical way for evaluation. This logical grouping is called as an Association.

Punctuators are symbols, which are used as delimiters in constructing C++ programs. They are also called as "Separators".

Escape sequence	Non-graphical character
\n \0 \t \v	Newline or linefeed Null Horizontal tab Vertical tab

A character constant in C++ must contain one character and must be enclosed in a single quote  Valid character constants : 'A', '2', '$'

(i) name space
(ii) using
(iii) true
(iv) false.

C	C++
1. C is a subset of C++ 2. No data hiding	1. C++ is a superset of C 2. Encapsulation hides data

(i) Source code - A program written High level language.
(ii) Object code - Source code converted into Machine Readable code is called object code.

Alphabets	A .... Z,a ....z
Numeric	0 .... 9
Special Characters	+-*/-!@#$%^& [ ] ( ) { } => <_\ I? . , : ' " ;
Whitespace	Blank space, Horizontal tab, Carriage return, Newline, Form feed
Other characters	C++ can process any of 256 ASCII characters as data

 

(i) C++ provides << operator to perform output operation. The operator << is called the " Stream insertion " or " put to " operator. It is used to send the strings or values of the variables on its right to the object on its left << is a binary operator.
(ii) The first operand is the pre-defined identifier cout (pronounced as C-Out) that identifiers monitor as the standard output object. The second operand may be a constant, variable or an expression.

(i) Input operator C++ provides the operator >> to get input. It extracts the value through the keyboard and assigns it to the variable on its right; hence, it is called as "Stream extraction" or "getfrom" operator.
(ii) It is a binary operator i.e., it requires two operands. The first operand is the pre-defined identifier cin(pronounced as C-In) that identified keyboard as the input device. The second operand must be a variable.