Size: Object Oriented Programs are much larger than other programs.
Effort: Object Oriented Programs require a lot of work to create.
Speed: Object Oriented Programs are slower than other programs, because of their size.

Abstraction means giving only essential things and hiding unnecessary details. Encapsulation is the binding of data members and methods together in a capsule to avoid accidental changes to data from external users. i.e., encapsulation is the bundling of related algorithms and data.

Polymorphism is the ability of a message or function to be displayed in more than one form.

Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. This encapsulation of data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.

Important features of Modular programming:
1. Emphasis on algorithm rather than data
2. Programs are divided into individual modules
3. Each modules are independent of each other and have their own local data
4. Modules can work with its own data as well as with the data passed to it.
Example: Pascal and C.

Paradigm means organizing principle of a program. It is an approach to programming. There are different approaches available for problem solving using computer. They are Procedural programming, Modular Programming and Object Oriented Programming.

The Object Oriented Programming has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of procedural and modular programming. It is widely accepted that object-oriented programming is the most important and powerful way of creating software.
The Object-Oriented Programming approach mainly encourages:
1. Modularization: where the program can be decomposed into modules.
2. Software re-use: where a program can be composed from existing and new modules.
Main Features of Object Oriented Programming
1. Data Abstraction
2. Encapsulation
3. Modularity
4. Inheritance
5. Polymorphism
Encapsulation
The mechanism by which the data and functions are bound together into a single unit is known as Encapsulation. It implements abstraction.
Encapsulation is about binding the data variables and functions together in class, It can also be called data binding.
Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. These functions provide the interface between the object's data and the program. This encapsulation of data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.
Classes use the concept of abstraction to define a list of abstract attributes and function which operate on these attributes. They encapsulate all the essential properties of the object that are to be created. The attributes are called data members because they hold information. The functions that operate on these data are called methods or member function.
Modularity
Modularity is designing a system that is divided into a set of functional units (named modules) that can be composed into a larger application.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the technique of building new classes (derived class) from an existing Class (base class). The most important advantage of inheritance is code reusability.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the ability of a message or function to be displayed in more than one form.

Procedural programming	Object-Oriented Programming
Programs are organized in the form of subroutines or sub programs.	Emphasizes on data rather than algorithm.
All data items are global.	Data abstraction is introduced in addition to procedural abstraction.
Suitable for small sized software application.	Data and its associated operations are grouped in to single unit.
Difficult to maintain and enhance the program code as any change in data type needs to be propagated to all subroutines that use the same data type.	Programs are designed around the data being operated.
Example: FORTRAN and COBOL	Example: C++, Java, VB.Net, Python