It is an enterprise with a capital investment not more than 25 lakhs.

Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant & Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant.

It is the practice of travelling abroad to places of historical or cultural interest or heritage importance including churches, mosques, temples, sacred mountains & caves.

(i) Tamil Nadu has a three tier health infrastructure comprising hospitals, primary health centres, health units, community health centres & sub-centres.
(ii) As of March 2015, the state had 34 district hospitals, 229 sub-divisional hospitals, 1,254 primary health centres, 7,555 sub-centres and 313 community health centres.

Wind energy: Muppandal wind farm supplies the villagers with electricity for work. Wind farms are found in Nagercoil, Tuticorin, Coimbatore, Pollachi, Dharapuram & Udumalaipettai. They generate about half of India's 2000 megawatts of wind energy.
Nuclear energy: The Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant and the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant are the major nuclear energy plants for the energy grid.
Thermal energy: The thermal power plants are at Athippattu (North Chennai), Ennore, Mettur, Neyveli & Thoothukudi.
Hydel energy: There are 20 hydroelectric units in Tamil Nadu at Hundah, Mettur, Periyar, Maravakandy, Parson Valley.
Solar energy: Tamil Nadu tops in solar power generation.                                     Wind energy: Tamil Nadu has the highest installed wind energy capacity in India. The state has very high quality of offshore wind energy potential off the Tirunelveli coast & southern Thoothukudi & Rameswaram Coast.

(i) Tamil Nadu has since ancient past been a hub for tourism.
(ii) Tamil Nadu is a leading destination for both domestic & foreign tourists. Tourism in Tamil Nadu is promoted by Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC), a Government of Tamil Nadu undertaking.
(iii) Tamil Nadu ranks the highest among Indian states with about 25 crore arrivals (in 2013).
(iv) The annual growth rate was 16%, 28 lakh foreign & 11 crore domestic tourists visited Tamil Nadu.

Tamil Nadu has a well established transportation system that connects all parts of the state. Tamil Nadu has an extensive road network in terms of its spread and quality, providing links between urban centres, agricultural market places & rural habitations in the countryside.
Roadways:
There are 28 national highways. The state has a total road length of 167,000 km of which 60,628 km are maintained by Highways Department. It ranks 2nd in India with 20% in total road projects under public-private partnership model.
Railways:
(i) Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network under Southern Railway (HQ at Chennai).
(ii) The Southern Railway covers Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, parts of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
(iii) The total railway track length is 6,693 km.
(iv) There are 690 railway stations. It is connected to most major cities.
(v) The main rail junctions are Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Madurai, Salem, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli, Chennai has a well established suburban railway network, a Mass Rapid Transport system and a Metro system the direct underground stretch operational since May 2017.
Airways:
Tamil Nadu has 4 major international airports (Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy). Chennai International airport is the III largest airport in India. Domestic airports are at Tuticorin, Salem and Madurai. Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic & freight movement.
Ports:
(i) Chennai, Ennore & Tuticorin have major ports. Nagapattinam has an intermediate port.
(ii) There are 23 minor ports.
(iii) The ports handle 73 million metric tonnes of cargo.
(iv) All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board.
(v) Chennai port is an artificial harbour & the second principal port in India for handling containers.
(vi) It is currently being upgraded to have a dedicated terminal for cars capable of handling 4,00,000 vehicles.
(vii) Ennore port was recently converted from an intermediate port to a major port.
(viii) It handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu.

Introduction:
(i) Tamil Nadu stands 6th in population (7.21 crores).
(ii) It is higher than the population of U.K, France, Italy, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka. 36158871 males & 35980087 females.
Density:
(i) According to 2011 census it is 555.
(ii) Tamil Nadu ranks 12th in density (India 382).
(iii) The districts with highest population are Chennai, Kancheepuram, Vellore & Thiruvallur.
(iv) The districts with lowest population are Perambalur, the Nilgiris, Ariyalur & Theni.
Urbanisation:
(i) Tamil Nadu is the most urbanized state with 48.4% of urban population.
(ii) The state accounts for 9.61% of total urbanites in India against 6% share of total population.
Sex ratio:
(i) The sex ratio is nearing balance (995).
(ii) Tamil Nadu stands next to Kerala & Puducherry.
(iii) The districts with highest sex ratio are the Nilgiris, Thanjavur & Nagapattinam. The districts with lowest sex ratio are Theni & Dharmapuri.
Infant Mortality rate IMR:
The IMR is 17 (per 1000) compared to the national average of 34.
Maternal Mortality Rate MMR:
(i) Tamil Nadu has a good record of controlling MMR.
(ii) It ranks third 79 next to Kerala & Maharashtra against the national average of 159.
Life expectancy at birth:
The life expectancy for males is 68.6 (India 66.4) and for females it is 72.7(India 69.6).
Literacy:
(i) The literacy rate is higher than many states.
(ii) For males it is 86.81% & females 73.86%.
(iii) Districts with highest literacy are Kanyakumari & Chennai.
(iv) Districts with lowest literacy are Dharmapuri & Ariyalur.