Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): An investment in a business by an investor from another country.
Foreign Private Investment (FPI): It comprises Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment.

A storage of agricultural commodities in a cold place for preservation.

The Motto is one Nation, One Market, One tax.

The new EXIM Policy has been formulated focusing on increasing in Export scenario boosting production and supporting the concepts like Make in India and Digital India.

Under the Agricultural Produce market Committee (APMC) Act 2003, the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) is a statutory body constituted by state government in order to trade in agriculture or horticulture or livestock products.

It is an area in which business and trade laws are different from rest of the country mainly aiming at increasing trade, investment and job creation.

Disinvestment means selling of government securities of public sector undertakings to other PSUs or private sectors or banks.

(i) Liberalization was needed because the various licensing policies were preventing economic growth.
(ii) Since the private sector was not given enough opportunities to earn more money privatization was done.
(iii) Globalization was needed because today a developed country
can grow without the help of the underdeveloped countries.

(i) There was poverty and unemployment.
(ii) In 1991 there was a severe economic crisis in the form of a serious Balance of Payments problem.
(iii) So a set of policies known as structural reforms were introduced to meet the crisis.

(i) Goods and Services Tax is defined as the tax levied when a consumer buys a good or service.
(ii) It is proposed to be a comprehensive indirect tax levied on manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and services.
(iii) It replaces all indirect taxes on goods and services by the government.
(iv) It is a one-point tax.
(v) The GST Act was passed on 29th March 2017 and came into effect on 1st July 2017.
(vi) The motto is one nation, one market, one tax.
Advantages:
(i) Removing Cascading tax effect.
(ii) Single point tax.
(iii) Higher threshold for registration.
(iv) Composition scheme for small business.
(v) Online simpler procedure under GST.
(vi) Defined treatment for e-commerce
(vii) Increased efficiency in logistics.
(viii) Regulating the unorganized sector

Free imports and exports:
(i) Before 1991, imports were regulated.
(ii) From 1992, imports were regulated by a limited negative list.
(iii) Trade Policy of 1st April 1992 freed imports of almost all intermediate and capital goods.
(iv) Only 71 items remained restricted.
(v) This would affect domestic industries.
Rationalization of tariff structure and removal of quantitative restriction:
(i) The Chelliah Committee's Report had suggested 50 % reduction in import duties.
(ii) The 1991-92 budget had reduced the peak rate of import duty from more than 300% to 150%. The process of lowering the customs tariffs was carried further in successive budgets.
(iii) This also affected the domestic industries.

(i) Though India is the largest producer of fruits and second largest producer of vegetables in the world, the per capita availability of fruits and vegetables is low because of post-harvest losses.
(ii) Quality of produce deteriorates. There is price fluctuations.
(iii) In order to overcome these problems, the government of India and Ministry of Agriculture formed the 'Cold Storage Order, 1964' under Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act 1955.
(iv) But still the cold storage facility is poor.

(i) When compared to public enterprises, private sector shows better results in revenue, efficiency and productivity.
(ii) Best human talent of entrepreneurs are brought out.
(iii) Financial deficits and debts are reduced.
(iv) Provides better and prompt services to customers.

(i) Foreign exchange reserves started rising.
(ii) There was a rapid industrialization.
(iii) The pattern of consumption started improving (or deteriorating).
(iv) Infrastructure facilities such as express highways, metro rails, flyovers and airports started expanding (but the local people were thrown away).

Introduction:
(i) In order to promote export and industrial growth SEZ was introduced in many countries.
(ii) India was one of the first in Asia to set up EPZ (Kandla, 1965).
(iii) SEZ covers free trade zones, export processing zones, industrial parks, economic and technology development zones, high-tech zones, science and innovation parks, free ports, enterprise zones.
Major objectives of SEZs
(i) To enhance foreign investment, to attract foreign direct investment and increase GDP.
(ii) To increase shares in global export.
(iii) To generate additional economic activity.
(iv) To create employment opportunities.
(v) To develop infrastructure facilities.
(vi) To exchange technology in the global market.
Characteristics:
(i) Geographically demarcated area with physical security.
(ii) administered by single authority.
(iii) Streamlined procedures.
(iv) Having separate custom area.
(v) Governed by more liberal economic laws.
(vi) Greater freedom to firms located in SEZs.
(vii) They need not respect the government's rules and regulations.
(viii) The social and environmental impacts were disastrous.