Longevity (measured by life expectancy at birth), Educational attainments, and Standard of living (measured by real GDP per capita).

(i) Income is included in HDI and excluded in PQLI.
(ii) HDI represents physical and financial attributes of development. PQLI has only physical aspects of life.

(i) The plan aimed to double the per capita income of India in the next 10 years.
(ii) It aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15 % by 2012.
(iii) Its growth target was 8.0 % but it
achieved only 7.2%.

(i) Morris D Morris developed the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI).
(ii) It is a measure to calculate the quality of life
(iii) He included life expectancy, infant mortality rate and literacy rate. A scale of each indicator ranges from 1 to 100.
(iv) Number 1 represents worst performance of any country.
(v) 100 is the best performance. Eg. in case of life expectancy, the upper limit is 100.
(vi) This was assigned to 77 years which was achieved by Sweden in 1973.
(vii) The lower limit 1 was assigned to 28 years achieved by Guinea-Bissau in 1960.
(viii) The difference between HDI and PQLI is the inclusion of income.
(ix) In HDI income is included and it represents both physical and financial aspects of development.
(x) In PQLI income is excluded and only physical aspects of life are considered.

(i) Twelfth Five Year Plan period was 2012 - 2017.
(ii) Its main theme is "Faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth".
(iii) Its growth rate target is 8%.

(i) The policy aimed at correcting the weaknesses and rigidities in the various sectors of the economy - industry, trade, fiscal and agriculture.
(ii) To liberate the industry from licensing system.
(iii) To reduce the role of public sector.
(iv) To encourage foreign participation in India's industrial development.

(i) Short term goal 8.29% growth rate.
(ii) The theme was faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth. For this purpose it seeks to achieve 4% growth in agriculture 10% in manufacturing sector.
(iii) The total budget was 47.7 lakh crore which is 135% more than that of the 11th plan.
Broad Objectives
(i) To reduce poverty.
(ii) To improve living conditions for SCs, STs, OBCs, Minorities.
(iii) To improve regional equality.
(iv) To generate attractive employment.
(v) To eliminate gender gaps.
Growth indicators
(i) It aims at average GDP growth rate of 8%.
(ii) It aims at generating 50 millions work opportunities in non farm sector.
(iii) Reducing IMR to 25, MMR to 100 and Total fertility rate to 2% Achieving universal road connectivity and power for all villages.
(iv) Provision of banking services for 90% households.
(v) Major welfare benefits and subsidies via Aadhaar card.
(iv) Secondary education for all by 2017.
(vi) Increase public spending to 2.5% of GDP
(vii) Getting 5 Indian universities in the list of top 200 universities in the world.
(viii) Eliminate gender and social gap in school enrollment.
(ix) Increasing green cover by 1 million hectare every year

Introduction:
(i) The main objective of economic planning was social welfare. Before Independence commercial banks were in the private sector.
(ii) These commercial banks failed in helping the government to achieve the objectives.
(iii) So the government nationalised 14 major commercial banks in 1969 and 6 more in 1980.
Objectives:
(i) The main objective was to attain social welfare.
(ii) Agriculture, small & village industries were in need of funds for their expansion.
(iii) Nationalisation of banks helped to curb private monopolies in order to ensure a smooth supply of credit to socially desirable sections.
(iv) In India 70% population live in villages.
(v) It was needed to encourage the banking habit among the rural population.
(vi) It was required to reduce the regional imbalances where the banking facilities were not available.
(vii) Before Independence the number of banks were less.
(viii) After nationalization, new bank branches were opened in rural and urban areas.
(ix) Banks created credit facilities to the agriculture sector and its allied activities.