Ransomware is a type of malicious program that demands payment after launching a cyber-attack on a computer system. This type of malware has become increasingly popular among criminals and costs the organizations millions each year.

"Inline style is used to define style for a particular tag anywhere in an HTML document. You can define styles for any tag within an HTML document. But it is applicable only on that line where it is defined.

The < hr > (Horizontal Rules) tag, which is known as "Thematic Breaks" separate sections of an HTML document visually. It produces a horizontal line spread across the width of the browser. This is an empty tag, which means the tag has no closing tag.

Protocol, domain, path, hash and query string.

(i) To ensure that a computer can be used to extract what the user wants it do.
(ii) Easy interaction between the users and computers

(a) Blu - Ray
(b) Hard disk
(c) Main Memory
(d) Cache

The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It also controls the entire operation of a computer.

(i) In order to open Impress using Start button, click Start button and select All Programs \(\rightarrow \)Open Office \(\rightarrow \)Open Office Impress.
(ii) If it is already pinned in the Start menu, just click and open it.

The options available in Insert cells dialog box are
(i) Shift cells down
(ii) Shift cells right
(iii) Entire row
(iv) Entire colunmn

The Wrap Through option inserts an image that overlaps the text which as a result will be hidden

(i) Scroll delay:
This attribute is used to define the time delay between each jump. The time unit should be in seconds.
(ii) Scroll amount : 
This is used to define the speed of the scroll.
(iii) Loop:
This is for defining how many times the marquee element should repeat on the screen. The default value is 'infinite', which means the marquee element scrolls endlessly.

(i) JavaScript programming language is used to develop interactive web pages called Dynamic Web pages.
(ii) User entered data in the Dynamic Web page can be validated before sending it to the server. This saves server traffic, which means less load on your server
(iii) JavaScript includes items such as Texboxes, Buttons, drag-and-drop components and sliders to give a Rich Interface to site visitors.

The if statement is the fundamental control statement that allows JavaScript to make decisions to execute statements conditionally. This statement has two forms. The form is for only true condition.
The syntax is
if(condition)
{
True block;
}
Types of if statement:
if else statement
else if statement
nested if statement

Viewing Source file : Source file is an HTML document, what you actually type in text editor (Notepad or getit). You can view your original source fle in the browser. The following steps are to be followed to view a source file.
(i) Double click on the browser.
(ii) Select View \(\rightarrow\) PageSource(FirefoxandChrome)/ View Source (Internet Explorer) Ctrl + U (all browser).
(iii) Source file will be displayed.
(iv) In Internet Explorer, View \(\rightarrow\) Source is also used to open source file.

(a) Linux
(b) Windows
(c) Unix
(d) React OS
(e) Android
(f) Virtual OS

Flash memory devices:
(i) Flash memory is an clectronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storaye medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
(ii) Flash memories can be used in personal computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). digital audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones.
(iii) Flash memory offers fast access timcs. The time taken to read or write a character in memory is called access is time.
(iv) Examples for Flash memories arc pen memory drives, cards etc.
EEPROM :
(i) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.
(ii) EEPROM is non-volatile.
(iii) EEPROM is slower in performance.

In computer technology, there are three common ways of representing a signed Binary number.
(i) Prefixing an extra sign bit to a Binary number.
(ii) Using one's complement.
(iii) Using two's complement

Several people make use of the presentation software while giving presentations, some examples are as follows.
(i) Sales persons need to give presentation to their customers clients and managers.
(ii) Human Resource departments use the presentation to provide training to new staff.
(iii) In schools, teachers can better explain concepts by the means of presentation.
(iv) Students also create presentation on topic given by their teachers.
(v) The presentation software is mostly used during seminars, conferences. This helps the presenter easily project his key points on a large screen while talking about the topic simultaneously.

(i) Conditional format gives different font size, font colour and background colour for different data based on the user requirements.
(ii) You can set up cell formats to change font size, font colour, background colour depending on conditions that you specify.

(i) To stop the Writer to replace specific spellings, use Tools ➝ AutoCorrect ➝ Replace, highlight the word pair and click Delete.
(ii) To add a new spelling to correct, type it into the Replace and With boxes and click New.

In HTML, a piece of text or image can be moved horizontally or vertically by using < marquee > tag. This feature makes a web page as more attractive.
(i) General format: < marquee > Text or image to be scroll < /marquee >
Attributes of < marquee >
(ii) Height and Width: These attributes are used to set height and width of the marquee. The values should be either in pixels or in percentage of browser window.
(iii) Direction: This is used to specify the direction of the movement of text or image. The text or image will move towards right to left by default. So, the default direction is left. The Possible values are up', 'down', 'left' or 'right'
(iv) Behaviour: This attribute is used to specify the type of scrolling. The values are scroll', 'slide' and 'alternate'.
(v) Scroll delay: This attribute is used to define the time delay between each jump. The time unit should be in seconds
(vi) Scrollamount: This is used to define the speed of the scroll.
(vii) Loop: This is for defining how many times the marquee element should repeat on the screen. The default value is 'infinite', which means the marquee element scrolls endlessly.
(viii) Bgcolor: This is used to specify the background color to the marquee elements.
(ix) Hspace and Vspace: This is for defining the horizontal and vertical space around the marquee. The value can be in pixels or percentage.
An HTML code to demonstrate marquee:
< html >
< head >
< title > Marquee < /title >
< /head >
< body >
< marquee > < b > The Government of
Tamilnadu < /b >, Directorate of School
Education < /marquee >
< marquee direction=right > Welcome
to < b > The State Council of Educational
Research and Training < /b >, Tamilnadu
< /marquee >
< /body >
< /html >

JavaScript supports three important types of dialog boxes. Dialog boxes are also called as Popup Boxes. These dialog boxes can be used to raise an alert, or to get confirmation on any input or to have a kind of input from the users.JavaScrípt supports three kind of popup boxes: Alert box, Confirm box, and Promnpt box.
Alert Dialog Box: An alert dialog box is mostly used to give a warning message to the users. For example, if one input field requires to enter some text but the user does not provide any input, then as a part of validation, you can use an alert box to give a warning message. Alert box gives only one button "OK" to select and proceed.
The syntax of alert box is
alert("Message");
(or) Window.alert ("Message");
Example:
alert("Name is compulsory entry);
(or) window.alert("Name is compulsory entry");
Confirm Dialog Box : A confirmation dialog box is mostly used to take user's consent on any option. It displays a dialog box with two buttons: OK and Cancel. If the user clicks on the OK button, the confirm() will return true. If the user clicks on the Cancel button, then confirm() returns false.
The syntax of confirm dialog box is
confirm("message");
                   (or)
window.confirm("message");
Example :
confirm("Hai Do you want to continue:");
                   (or)
window.confirm(“Hai Do you want to continue:");
Prompt Dialog Box: The prompt dialog box is very useful when the user want to pop-up a text box to get user input. Thus, it enables you to interact with the user. The user needs to fill in the text box field and then click OK.
The prompt dialog box is displayed using a method called prompt()which takes two parameters :
(i) a label which you want to display in the text box and (ii) a default string to display in the text box. This dialog box has two buttons: OK and Carncel. If the user clicks the OK button, the prompt() will return the entered value from the text box. If the user clicks the Cancel button, the prompt() returns null. The Sntax of prompt dialog box is,
Prompt("Message","default Value");
                        (or)
window.prompt("sometext","defaultText");
Example:
prompt("Enter Your Name:"Name");
                         (or)
window.prompt("Enter Your Name:"Name");

< Html >
< Body >
< script language="Javascript" type="text/ javascript" > .
var N=0;
var N = promt ("Enter the Number","0");
switch (N)
{
case 1 :
document.write ("One");
break;
case 2 :
document.write ("Two");
break;
case 3 :
document.write ("Three");
break;
case 4 :
document.write ("Four");
break;
case 5 :
document.write ("Five");
break;
default:
document.write ("Invalid! Enter between 1 and 5");
}
< /script >
< /body >
< /Html >

Classifying e-commerce according to the parties involved:
1. Business to consumer (B2C) : Transactions happen between businesses and consumers. In B2C e-commerce, businesses are the ones selling products or services to end-users (i.e. consumers).
2. Business to business (B2B) : As its name states, B2B e-commerce pertains to transactions conducted between two businesses. Any company whose customers are other businesses operate on a B2B model.
3. Consumer to business (C2B) : Consumer to qusiness e-commerce happens when a consumer sells or contributes monetary value to a business. Many crowdsourcing campaigns fall under C2B e-commerce.
4. Consumer to consumer (C2C) : As you might have guessed, C2C e-commerce happens when  something is bought and sold between two consumers. C2C commonly takes place on online marketplaces such as eBay, in which one individual sells a product or service to another
5. Government to business (G2B) : G2C transactions take place when a company pays for government goods, services, or fees online. Examples could be a business paying for taxes using the Internet.
6. Business to government (B2G) : When a government entity uses the Internet to purchases goods or services from a business, the transaction may fall under B2G e-commerce. Let's say a city or town hires a web design firm to update its website. This type of deal may be considered a form of B2G.
7. Consumer to government (G2C) : Consumers can also engage in B2C e-commerce. People paying for traffic tickets or paying for their car registration renewals Online may fall under this category

(i) Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
(ii) Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.
(iii) Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronic gadgets.

UNIX :
UNIX is a family of multitasking, multi-user operating systems that derive originally from AT&T Bell Labs, where the development began in the 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
Linux
(i) Linux is a family of open-source operating systems. It can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world.
(ii) This is different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it.
(iii) The main advantage of Linux operating system is that it is open source. There are many versions and their updates
(iv) Most of the servers run on Linux because it is easy to customize.

(i) The main memory is otherwise called as Random Access Memory. This is available in computers in the form of Integrated Circuits ( lCs ). It is the place in a computer where the Operating System, Application Programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer's processor.
(ii) The smallest unit of information that can be stored in the memory is called as a bit. The memory can be accessed by a collection of 8 bits which is called as a byte.
(iii) The bytes are referred by 'B'. If a computer has 1 megabyte of memory, then it can store 10,48,576 bytes.(or characters) of information. [Hence 1MB is 1024KB and 1 KB is 1024 Bytes, So 1024 x 1024 =10,48,576 Bytes].
(iv) RAM is a volatile memory, which means that the information stored init is not permanent. As soon as the power is turned off, whatever data resides in RAM is lost. It allows both read and write operations.
(v) There are two basic types of RAM Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Static RAM (SRAM)
(vi) These two types differ in the technology they use to hold data. Dynamic RAM being a common type needs to be refreshed frequently. Static RAM needs to be refreshed less often, which makes it faster.
(vii) Hence, Static RAM is more expensive than Dynamic RAM.

Components of a Computer :
The computer is the combination of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical component of a computer like motherboard, memory devices, monitor, keyboard etc., while software is the set of programs or instructions. Both hardware and software together make the computer system to function. Every task given to a computer follows an Input-process - output cycle (IPO cycle).

(i) Input unit: Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the memory unit for further processing.
Example : keyboard, mouse etc.
(i) Central Processing Unit : CPU is the major component which interprets and executes software instructions. It also control the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units.
(iii) Arithmetic and Logic Unit : The ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical operations.

(iv) Control Unit : The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU memory and I/o devices. It also controls the entire operation of a computer.
(v) Output Unit: An output unit is any hardware component that convey information to users in an understandable form. Example : Monitor, Printer etc.
(vi) Memory Unit: The Memory Unit is of two types which are primary memory and secondary memory. The primary memory is used to temporarily store the programs and data when the instructions are ready to execute. The secondary memory is used to store the data permanently. The Primary Memory is volatile, that is,the content is lost when the power supply is switched off. The Random Access Memory (RAM) is an example of a main memory. The Secondary memory is non volatile, that is, the content is available even after the power supply is switched off. Hard disk, CD-ROM and DVD ROM are examples of secondary memory.

Create the presentation with same design for all slides using master page option, by clicking YES in Page Setting dialog box.
Click the Master slide and choose Format \(\rightarrow\) Page menu. The Page setup dialog box appears on the screen.
Click Background and choose any one of the Fill option (Colour, Gradient, Bitmap, Hatching) for changing the background of the master slide.
The Page Setting dialog box appears on the Screen.
Click NO in the Page Setting dialog box.
Now you can see the changes except for the first slide, all the slides will have the same design.
b. Handout view is used for setting up the layout of your slides for a printed handout.
c. Select the slide to insert the picture.
Choose Insert \(\rightarrow\) Picture \(\rightarrow\) From File option, and choose the required picture that has to be inserted into the slide.
d. Use Slide Show view to deliver your pesentation to your audience. Slide Show view occupies the full computer screen, exactly the way your presentation will look on a big screen when your audience sees it.
e. To make her presentation attractive, she needs to add animation and transition effects to the slides.

Sheets count: Shows current serial number of the sheet / total number of sheets available.
Page Style: Shows the page style of the current sheet. To make changes, just double-click on "Default" and it will show you the "Page Style" dialog box, which is used to change the margin, orientation, paper size, inserting header, footer, border style etc., 
Selection Mode: Shows the selection mode of the current sheet. There are three modes available to select the cells of a worksheet. They are, Standard (STD), Extend (EXT) and Add (ADD).
Unsaved Changes: An asterisk ( * ) symbol indicates the changes made in the worksheet that are not yet saved. If you saved your changes, it will disappear.
Cell information: Shows the sum of the values of selected cells.
Zoom slider: used to increase or decrease the view scale (zoom). The default zooming scale is 100%.