1. The peculiar kind of silky cotton formerly grown in Bengal, from which the fine Dacca muslins used to be made, is hardly ever seen.
2. The population of the town of Dacca has fallen from 150, 000 to 30, 000 or 40,000 and the jungle and malaria are fasten croaching upon the town Dacca, which was the Manchester of India has fallen off.

1. The biggest contribution of Cornwallis was the reform of the civil services. Cornwallis provided scope for employing capable and honest public servants.
2. He put an end to the old tradition of the civil service wherein the Company's servants were given a small salary but were permitted to trade.
3. Cornwallis appointed people solely on merit but considered that efficiency required the exclusion of Indians from the Company's service.

Thomas Munro: Munro arrived Madras in 1780. In the first 12 years he was engaged in Mysore War as soldier. He worked in the Baramahal (Salem district) from 1792-1799 and Kanara from 1799-1800. He was collector of Ceded Districts: Kadapa, Kurnool, Chittoor, Anantapur. It was during this period that he conceived the idea of Ryotwari Settlement.

The outbreak of two famines (1833 and 1843) forced the people, without any prompting from the government, to leave for Ceylon to work as coolies in coffee and tea plantations under indentured labour system

1. The Educational Dispatch of Charles Wood (1854) outlined a comprehensive scheme of education-primary, secondary, collegiate.
2. Departments of Public Instruction and a university for each of the three Presidencies were organized for the purpose.
3. University of Madras was established under this plan (1857), along with universities in Bombay and Calcutta.

1. Cornwallis organized company administration securing the services of William Jones, a judge and an Orientalist.
2. He set up a machinery for the detection and punishment of crime, thereby ending the dual system of government established by Clive.
3. The collection of revenue was separated from administration and justice.
4. He deprived the collectors of their judicial function and confined them to revenue collection.
5. Civil and criminal courts were thoroughly reorganized.
6. At the top of the judicial system were the Sadar Diwani Adalat and the Sadar Nizamat Adalat.

1. In 1813, when the Company Charter was renewed, it contained a clause intended to force on the Company the initiative for a regular educational policy.
2. Hastings encouraged the foundation of vernacular schools by missionaries. He was the patron of the Hindu College, established at Calcutta in 1817, supported by the Indian public for the teaching of English and of Western science.
3. The cause of education was further promoted by missionaries like Alexander Duff. Thanks to Hastings liberal outlook, press censorship instituted in 1799 was abolished
4. It was in such an atmosphere that the Bengali Weekly, the Samachar Darpan was started in 1818.
5. The Charter of 1833 emphasized the development of the country primarily in the interest of its inhabitants.
6. William Bentinck, appointed the first Governor General of united India reformed the society by suppressing thuggee (robbery and murder committed by the thugs in accordance with their ritual), abolishing sati and introducing English as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges.
7. This he thought would facilitate Indianization of the services. Bentinck founded the Calcutta Medical College in March 1835
8. The students of this college were sent to London in 1844 to complete their studies. Ten years after the establishment of the Calcutta Medical College, the Grant Medical College in Bombay was founded in 1845.
9. In 1847 the Thomason Engineering College at Roorkee (now IIT Roorkee) came into existence. In 1849 a school for girls was founded in Calcutta.
10. Macaulay came to India as a law member in 1835. He was appointed President of the Board of Education. He had a poor opinion of indigenous learning. Macaulay recommended and government accepted to make English the literary and official language of India.

1. The Subsidiary System increased the military resources and efficiency of the Company government.
2. The immediate result of this system was the discharge of thousands of professional soldiers by the political powers. The disbanded soldiers indulged in freebooting activities.
3. Pindaris (marauders) began to swell on account of the Subsidiary System.
4. In view of the guaranteed support to the Princes by the Company, the protective States mal-administered and paved the way for the annexation.