Patinen Kilkanakku texts,which are post-Sangam works, include eighteen texts,which mostly deal with ethics and moral codes. The most important of them are Thirukkural, and Naladiyar.

Silappathikaram and Manimekalai are the two important epics useful for insights into cultural and religious history.

1. Natrinai;
2. Kurunthogai;
3. Aingurunuru;
4. Patitruppathu;
5. Paripadal;
6. Kalithogai;
7. Akananuru;
8. Purananuru

Ettuthogai and Pathupattu collections have about 2400 poems. These poems, varying in length from 3 to 800 lines, were composed by panar, the wandering bards and pulavar, the poets .

Three levels of rulers are found:
1) Kizhar,
2) Velir,
3) Vendar

In the south, the three family ruling houses, the Cholas, the Cheras and the Pandyas

Adukotpattu Cheralathan
Father - Kudakko Cheralathan
Mother - Velaavi komaan's daughter (Paduman) Devi
Capital: Thondi
Period of Rule : 25 years - (A.D. 19-44)

Hiuen- Tsang is reported to have seen at Kanchi one hundred Buddhist monasteries and 10,000 priests belonging to the Mahayana school.

Maduraikanchi refers to Mudukudumi-Peruvazhuthi and another Nedunchezhiyan, victor ofTalaiyalanganam, and a few other Pandya kings. Mudukudimi-Peruvazhuthi is referred to in the Velvikkudi copper plates of eighth century for donating land to Brahmans.

Barter system was much in vogue, though coins were also in use. Roman coins circulated as bullion. Long distance trade existed and the connections with the Roman Empire and southeast Asia are in evidence at many archaeological sites.