1. The names are Uttamachola- vaykkal, Panca-vanamadevi-vaykkal and Ganavathy-vaykkal.
2. Ur-vaykkal was owned jointly by the landowners.

Various units of the land measurement such as kuli, ma, veli, patti, padagam, etc. are known, with local variations.

The titles such as Mudikonda Cholan (the crowned Chola), Gangaikondan (conqueror of the Ganges), Kadaramkondan (conqueror of Kadaram) and PanditaCholan (scholarly Cholan).

Brahmins studied the Sanskrit treatises in educational centres kadigai, salai and vidyastanam.

The landholders of vellanvagai villages were placed next in the social hierarchy. Ulukudi (tenants) could not own land but had to cultivate the lands of Brahmins and holders of vellanvagai villages. While landholders retained melvararn (major share in harvest), the ulukudi got kizhvaram (lower share). Labourers (paniceymakkal) and slaves (adimaigal) stayed at the bottom of social hierarchy.

The taxes collected included irai, kanikadan, iraikattina-kanikadan and kadami. An important category of tax was kudimai.

1. Chola temples became the arena of social celebrations and functioned as social institutions. They became the hub of societal space in organising social, political, economic and cultural activities.
2. The prime temple officials were koyirramar, koyilkanakku (temple accountant), deva- kanmi (agent of god), srivaisnavar, cantesar (temple manager) and others.
3. They promoted the development of learning, dance, music, painting and drama. A play called Rajarajanatakam, based on the life of Rajaraja I, was performed in the Thanjavur temple.
4. The festivals of ChithiraiTiruvizha, Kartigai and Aippasivizha were celebrated. It is said that singing hymns in temple premises promoted oral literacy.
5. Traditional dance items like kudak-kuthu and sakkaik-kuthu were portrayed in the form of sculptures and paintings in the temples in Kilapalivur, Tiruvorriyur.
6. Nirutya and kama poses are shown in sculptural forms in the Thanjavur big temple. Traditional Tamil musical instruments also were portrayed in this way.
7. Temples functioned as banks by advancing loans and by purchasing and receiving endowments and donations.
8. They also became educational centres as training was imparted in Vedas, music and the arts. Sculpture and metal work too were promoted. Temple accounts were audited and the auditor was called koyilkanakku.

Society:
1. In the predominantly agrarian society prevailing during the Chola period, landholding was the prime determinant of social status and hierarchy.
2. The Brahmin landholders called brahmadeya-kilavars at the top brahmadeya settlements with tax exemption were created, displacing (kudi neekki) the local peasants.
3. Temples were gifted land known as devadana, which were exempted from tax, as in brahmadeyams.
4. The landholders of vellanvagai villages were placed next in the social hierarchy.
5. landholders retained melvaram (major share in harvest), the ulukudi got kizh varam (lower share); Labourers (paniceymakkal) and slaves (adimaigal) stayed at the bottom of social hierarchy.
Religion:
Puranic Hinduism, represented by the worship of Siva, Vishnu and associated (deities, had become popular by the time of the Cholas.