i) Pandya Mandalam or Pandy Nadu consisted of many valanadus, which, in turn, were divided into many nadus and kurrams.
ii) The administrative authorities of nadus were the nattars,
iii) Nadu and kurram contained settlements, viz., mangalam, nagaram, ur and kudi, which were inhabited by different social groups.
iv) A unique political division in Pandy Mandalam is Kulakkil, i.e. area under irrigation tank.
v) For instance, Madurai is described in an inscription as Madakkulakkil Madurai.
vi) The duty of the nattar was to assess the qualities of land under cultivation and levy taxes. In surveying the lands, the officials used rods of 14 and 24 feet.
vii) After the measurement, the authorities donated the lands. Salabogam land was assigned to Brahmins.
viii) The land assigned to ironsmiths was called tattarkani; for carpenters, it was known as taccu-maniyam. Bhattavriutti is the land donated for Brahmin group for imparting education.

i) It is said that Pandyas were Jains initially and later adopted Saivism.
ii) Inscriptions and the sculptures in the temples attest to this belief. The early rockcut cave temples were the outcrop of transitional stage in religion and architecture.
iii) Medieval Pandyas and later Pandyas repaired many temples and endowed them with gold and land.
iv) The vimanam over the sanctum of Srirangam and Chidambaram temples were covered with golden leaves.
v) Sadaiyavarman Sundarapandyan was anointed in Srirangam temple, and to commemorate it, he donated an idol of Vishnu to the temple.
vi) The inner walls of this temple and three other gopurams were plated with gold.

i) Cholas maintained a well-organised army.
ii) The army consisted of three conventional divisions: infantry, cavalry (kudirai sevagar) and the elephant corps (anaiyatkal).
iii) There were also bowmen (villaligal), sword-bearers (valilar) and spearmen (konduvar).
iv) Two type of ranks in the army are also mentioned: the upper and the lower (perundanam and cirudanam).
v) Generally, soldiers enjoyed padaipparru (military holding) rights. Cantonments, which were established in the capital city, were known as padaividu.
vi) Military outposts in the conquered territory were called nilaipadai.
vii) The captain of a regiment was known as nayagam and later he assumed the title of padaimudali.
viii) The commander- in-chief was senapati and dandanayagam.

1. The Pandya rulers created a number of irrigation sources and they were named after the members of the royal family.
2. Some of them were Vasudeva Peraru, Virapandya Peraru, Srivallaba Peraru and Parakirama Pandya Peraru. The tanks were named Tiiumaleri, Maraneri, Kaliyaneri and Kadaneri.
3. On either side of the rivers Vaigai and Tamiraparni, canals leading to the tanks for irrigation were built.
4. The SendanMaran inscription of Vaigai river bed speaks of a sluice installed by him to distribute the water from the river.
5. Sri Maran Srivallabhan created a big tank, which is till now in use. Like Pallavas in northern districts, Pandyas introduced the irrigation technology in the southern districts of Tamil country.
6. In building the banks of the tanks, the ancient architect used the thread to maintain the level. Revetment of the inner side of the banks with stone slabs is one of the features of irrigation technique in Pandya country.

1. The Cholas built and patronised innumerable temples.
2. The royal temples in Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Chozhapuram and Darasuram are the repositories of architecture, sculpture, paintings and iconography of the Chola arts.
3. The temples became the hub of social, economic, cultural and political activities.
4. The paraphernalia of the temples including temple officials, dancers, musicians, singers, players of musical instruments and their masers headed by the priests worshipping the gods reflect the royal court.
5. In the initial stages, architecturally, the Chola temples are simple and modest. Sepulchral temples (pallip-padai) also were built where the kings were buried.

The prominent rock-cut cave temples created by the early Pandyas are found in Pillayarpatti, Tirumeyyam, Kuntrakkudi, Tiruchendur, Kalugumalai, Kanyakumari and Sittannavasal.

i) Paddy as tax was collected by a unit called kalam (28 kg).
ii) Rajaraja I standardised the collection of tax.
iii) He collected 100 kalam from the land of one veli (about 6.5 acres); the standard veli being variable according to fertility of the soil and the number of crops raised.

i) The Chola state collected land tax out of the agrarian surplus for its revenue.
ii) There was an elaborate "department of land revenue" known as puravuvaritinaikkalam, with its chief called puravuvari-tinaikkalanayagarn.

i) They adopted the titles such as Chakkaravarti (emperor) and Tiribhuvana Chakkaravarti (emperor of three worlds).
ii) At the time of coronation, it was a practice to add the suffix deva to the name of the crowned kings.
iii) The kings drew legitimacy by claiming that they were a comrade of god (thambiran thozhar).

i) When Rajaraja I attacked Madurai, the Pandyas escaped with their crown and royal jewels and took shelter in Sri Lanka.
ii) There upon, Rajendra I conquered Sri Lanka and confiscated the Pandya crown and other royal belongings.