1. The Sakas were pushed back from eastern Iran by the Parthian ruler Mithradates (188-123 BCE) 
2. They then turned to north-western India and finally settled in the region between the Indus valley and Saurashtra.

1. The Indian interactions with the Greeks was not limited to the Indo-Greek kings.
2. Greeks were becoming known and their presence recorded throughout the subcontinent.
3. Merchants, sailors and many others of Greek origin were travelling to India, so there was a continued interaction with the Greeks.

1. Antiacidas who was sent to the court of King Bhagabhadra erected a pillar or garudadhvaja with its capital adorned by a figure of Garuda, in honour of God Krishna(Vasudeva).
2. Heliodorus had evidently become a follower of Vishnu. (The pillar stands in isolation in the middle of a open ground in Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh.)

A variety of luxury goods, including ivory, tortoise shell, pearls, indigo and other dyes, aromatic substances like spikenard or nard (a fragrant oil from the Gangetic region) and malabathrum (leaf of cinnamon, used as an aromatic) and rare woods were exported from India.

1. The word was derived from the Persian word yauna, which referred to Greeks.
2. In India the term yavana was used to denote all persons of Greek origin, including those of mixed race and even the Phoenicians.

1. There were merchants dealing with specific products like food grains, cloth, gold and jewellery in the markets of the big Cities.
2. Merchants were also involved in overseas trade, as well as overland trade.
3. Thus, the circuits of trade became more specialised with institutionalised arrangements to support the expanding commercial activities.

From Rome, the main imports were coin, topaz, antimony, coral, crude glass, copper, tin and lead and wine.

1. The Indo-Greek kingdom was ousted by the Sakas followed by the Parthians and the Kushanas.
2. The Sakas appointed kshatrapsor provincial governors to administer the territories.

1. Menander successfully attacked Pataliputra, but retreated without consolidating his conquest.
2. Interestingly, in his coins, he is described as "king" and "soter" or saviour, and not as a great conqueror.

1. Seleucus surrendered the land he had conquered up to the Indus and
2. Received 500 war elephants in return.
3. A marriage agreement between theem.
4. The treaty also led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Greeks and the Mauryan emperor.