1. Mughal miniatures are an important part of the museums of the world.
2. Ancient Indian painting traditions kept alive in provinces like Malwa and Gujarat along with the central Asian influences created a deep impact in the world of painting.
3. The masters of miniature painting ,Abdu's Samad and Mir Sayyid Ali, who had come to India from Central Asia along with Humayun inspired Indian painters.

1. Tamil literature was dominated by Saivite and Vaishnavite literature.
2. Kumaraguruparar, a great Saiva poet, is said to have visited Varanasi in the late seventeenth century.
3. He composed important literary works such as Meenakshiammai Pillai Tamil and Neethineri Vilakkam.
4. Thayumanavar wrote highly devotional verses with compassion for all humanity and he formulated a sanmarga that tried to bridge differences between the various Saivite sects.
5.The Christian missionaries like Roberto de Nobili and Constantine Joseph Beschi contributed much to Tamil language

1. Poets and saints emerged from various parts of the country.
2. They were critical of rituals, and criticised the caste system.
3. Rather than using Sanskrit for expressing their devotion, they employed the language of the common people.
4. The radical ideas, and the easy but catchy language often set to music made them popular among the masses.

1. The Bhakti movement in Islam is called as Sufism.
2. The terms Sufi, Wali, Darvesh and Fakir are used for Muslim saints who attempted to develop their intuitive faculties through ascetic exercises, contemplation, renunciation and self-denial.
3. By the 12th century, Sufism had become an influential aspect of Islamic social life as it extended over almost the entire Muslim community.

1. Abul Fazal patronised by Akbar compiled the history of Akbar in Akbar Nama and described Mughal administration in his work Ain-i-Akbari.

1. The most important figure of the Bhakti movement was Kabir. Said to be a weaver, Kabir propounded absolute monotheism, condemned image worship and rituals, and the caste system.
2. His popular poetry written in a simple language was spread orally across large parts of north India.

1. Architectural progress during the Mughals is a landmark in world art.
2. Mughal buildings were noted for the massive structures decorated with bulbous domes, splendorous minarets, cupolas in the four comers, elaborate designs, and pietra dura (pictorial mosaic work).
3. The mosques built during the time of Babur and Humayun are not of much architectural significance.
4. During Akbar's reign, Humayun's tomb was enclosed with gardens and placed on a raised platform.
5. Built by Indian artisans and designed by Persian architects it set a pattern to be followed in the future.
6. The Agra fort built with red sandstone is a specimen where Rajput architectural styles were also incorporated.
7. The new capital city of Akbar Fatehpur Sikri enclosed within its walls several inspiring buildings.
8. The magnificent gateway to Fatehpur Sikri, the Buland Darwaza, built by Akbar with red sandstone and marble is considered to be a perfect architectural achievement.
9. The mausoleum of Akbar and completed by Jahangir includes some Buddhist architectural elements.
10. The tomb of Itimad-ud-daula, father of Nurjahan, built by Jahangir was the first Mughal building built completely with white marble.
11. "Mughal architecture reached its apex during the reign of Shah Jahan.
12. The Taj Mahal is a marble structure on an elevated platform, the bulbous dome in the centre rising on a recessed gateway with four cupolas around the dome and with four free-standing minarets at each of its comers is a monument of universal fame.
13. The Red Fort in Delhi, encompassed by magnificent buildings like Diwan-i Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Moti Mahal and Hira Mahal reflect the architectural skills of the times of Shah Jahan.
14. The Moti Masjid inside the Agra Fort made exclusively of marble, the Jama Masjid in Delhi, with its lofty gateway, series of domes and tall and slender minarets are the two significant mosques built by Shah Jahan.
15. He also established a new township, Shah jahanabad (present-day Old Delhi) where Red Fort and Jama Masjid are located.
16. Aurangzeb's reign witnessed the construction of Badshahi mosque in Lahore and the marble tomb of Rabia ud daurani, known as Bibi-ka-maqbara (Tomb of the Lady) at Aurangabad.
17. The Shalimar Gardens of Jahangir and Shah Jahan are showpieces of Indian horticulture.
18. Mughal architecture influenced even temple construction in different parts of the country.
19. The temple of Govind Dev at Vrindavan near Mathura and Bir Singh's temple of Chaturbhuj at Orchchaa (Madhya Pradesh) display Mughal influence.

1. The Deccan policy of Aurangzeb was motivated by the policy of containing the growing influence of the Marathas, the rebellious attitude of the Shia kingdoms of Deccan like Golkonda and Bijapur and to curtail the rebellious activities of his son Akbar who had taken refuge in the Deccan.
2. Aurangzeb came to the Deccan in 1682 and remained in the Deccan till his death in 1707. The Adil Shahi ruler Sikkandar Adil Shah of Bijapur resisted the different forces sent by Aurangzeb.
3. Aurangzeb first sent his son Azam Shah (1685) but to no avail. Then he sent another son, Shah Alam to capture Bijapur.
4. Though Bijapur Sultan, a Shia Muslim, ably defended the fort, he lost in the end, because Aurangzeb himself entered the battlefield and inspired his forces to fight to the finish.
5. Golkonda was captured in 1687 after defeating the ruler Abul Hasan.