Role of Botanical Garden: 
Botanical Gardens play the following important roles.
1. Gardens have a wide range of species and supply taxonomic material for botanical research.
2. It can integrate information of diverse fields like Anatomy, Embryology, Phytochemistry, Cytology, Physiology and Ecology.
3. Act as a conservation centre for diversity, rare and endangered species.
4. It offers annual list of available species and a free exchange of seeds.
5. Botanical garden gives information about method of propagation, sale of plant material to the general public.

(i) Gardens with aesthetic value which attract a large number of visitors. For example, the Great Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) in the Indian Botanical Garden at Kolkata.
(ii) Gardens have a wide range of species and supply taxonomic material for botanical research. ,
(iii) It can integrate information of diverse fields like Anatomy, Embryology, Phytochemistry, Cytology, Physiology and Ecology.

Assigning name for a plant is known as Nomenclature. This is based on the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. ICB deals with the names of existing (living)and extinct (fossil) organisms. The elementary rule of naming of plant was first proposed by Linnaeus in 1737and 1751 in his Philo sophia Botanica. In 1813 a detailed set of rules regarding plant nomenclature was given by A.P. de Candolle in his famous work "Theorie elementaire de la botanique". Then the present ICBN was evolved by following the same rules of Linnaeus, A.P. de Candolle and his son Alphonse de Candolle.

1. The most recent classification of flowering plants which based on phylogenetic data was set in the last decade of twentieth century.
2. Four versions of Angiosperm Phylogenetic group classification (APG I, APG II, APG III & APG IV) have been published in 1998, 2003, 2009 and 2016 respectively.
3. APG system is an evolving system that might undergo change periodically based on the new sets of data from various disciplines of Botany.
4. It is the currently accepted system across the world. 
5. It is yet to percolate into the Indian botanical curriculum.

She was the first officer on special duty who took charge of Botanical survey of India with headquarters I of at Calcutta. Jammu Tavi Botanical Garden has been named after Dr. E. K. Janaki Ammal.

Types of inflorescence:
1. Axillary or Terminal cymose (Solanum)
2. Solitary Flowers (Datura stramonium)
3. Extra axillary scorpiod cyme (Solanum nigrum)
4. Umbellate cyme (Withania sommnifera)

Class - Dicotyledonae
Sub-class - Gamopetalae
Series - Bicarpellatae
Order - Polemoniales
Family - Solanaceae

Floral Diagram of Pisum Sativum :

Floral Diagram of Clitoria ternatea:

Need for cladistics:
1. Cladistics is now the most commonly used and accepted method for creating phylogenetic system of classifications.
2. Cladistics produces a hypothesis about the relationship of organisms to predict the morphological characteristics of organism.
3. Cladistics helps to elucidate 'mechanism of evolution.