1. Ramanuja was it teacher-reformer and a great organiser.
2. He challenged the monist ideology of Adi Sankara and in his effort to widen the social base to include social groups other than Brahmans.
3. Described as qualified monism, his philosophy of Visishtadvaita influenced many thinkers and developed into a separate tradition.

Kavirajamarga, a work on poetics in Kannada, Vikramarjuna-vijayam, also called Pampa-bharata, by Pampa in Kannada

1. The Aihole inscriptions of the Chalukya king Pulakisin II provide details of Pallava Chalukya conflict.
2. The sculptures in the temples in Aihole, Badami, Pattadakal reflect the culture of the times.

1. Chalukya dynasty of Jayasirnhan I line appointed royal ladies as provincial governors. They also issued coins in some instances.
2. Vijya Bhattariga, a Chalukya princess, issued inscriptions. Pallava queens did not take active part in the administration of the kingdom, but they built shrines, and installed images of various deities, and endowed temples.
3. The image of Queen Rangapataka, the queen of Rajasimha, is found in the inscription in Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram.

1. The prominent Saiva poets include Tirunavukarasar (Appar), Tirugnanasambandar and Sundarar, and Manikkavasagar. .
2. Nambi Andar Nambi compiled their hymns into an anthology of eleven books, towards the end of tenth century.
3. The first seven books, commonly known as Thevaram, contain the hymns of Sambandar (I to III), Appar (books IV to VI) and Sundarar (book VII) and Manikkavasagar (book VIII). Sekkilar's Periyapuranam is the twelfth thirumurai of the Saiva canon.
4. It is a hagiography of the sixty-three Nayanmars but contains an undercurrent of historical information as well. This collection of 12 books is named Panniru Tirumurai.
5. The Periyapuranam relates many stories about Nayanmars and the miraculous episodes in their lives.

1. They are square-shaped except Kailasanatha cave (cave-16), which is a massive monolithic structure, carved out of a single solid rock.
2. This temple is said to represent Kailash, the abode of Lord Shiva. The temple is two storeyed and the Kailasa temple is on the first one.
3. The lower storey has carved life-size elephants, which looks like they are holding up the temple on their backs.
4. The temple exterior has richly carved windows, images of deities from the Hindu scriptures and Mithunas (amorous male and female figures).

1. The temple comprises three shrines, where the prominent ones are dedicated to Siva and Vishnu.
2. The exterior wall of the shrine, dedicated to Vishnu, and the interior of the boundary wall are elaborately carved and sculpted.
3. In southern India, this is one amongst the earliest and most important structural temples.
4. Unlike other structures of the region, the Shore Temple is a five-storeyed rockcut monolith. The monolithic vimanas are peculiar to Mamallapuram .

1. Land ownership was with the king, who could make revenue grants to his officers and land-grants to Brahmans, or else continue to have land cultivated by smallscale cultivators and landlords.
2. The latter was the most common practice. Crown lands were leased out to tenants-at-will. The status of the village varied according to the tenures prevailing.
3. The village with an inter-caste population paid land revenue. The brahmadeya villages were donated to a single Brahman or a group of Brahmans.
4. These villages tended to be more prosperous than the others because no tax was paid.
5. There were devadana villages, donated to a temple, and the revenue was consequently received by the temple authorities and not by the state.