Chartered companies are established by the King or Queen of a country. Powers and privileges of chartered company are specified in the charter. Power to cancel the charter is vested with King/Queen. Examples: East Indian Company, Bank of England, Hudson's Bay Company. The Companies Act does not apply to them. Such companies cannot be started in India.

Separate Property:
A Company is a distinct legal entity. A member cannot claim to be owner of the company's property during the existence of the company.
Capacity to Sue and being sued:
A company can sue or be sued in its own name as distinct from its members.

1. The liability of the members of the company is limited to contribution to the assets of the company upto the face value of shares held by him.
2. A member is liable to pay only the uncalled money due on shares held by him.

A foreign company means a company which is incorporated in a country outside India under the law of that country. After the establishment of business in India, the following documents must be filed with the Registrar of Companies within 30 days from the date of establishment.
1. A certified copy of the charter or statutes under which the company is incorporated, or the Memorandum and articles of the company translated into English.
2. The full address of the registered office of the company.
3.  A list of directors and secretary of the company.
4. The name and address of any person resident of India who is authorised to accept, on behalf of the company, service of legal process and any notice served on the company.
5. The full address of the company's principal place of business in India.

Private limited company is a type of company which is formed with minimum two shareholders and two directors, The minimum requirement with respect to authorised or paid up capital of Rs 1,00,000 has been omitted by The Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 w.e.f. 29th of May, 2015. Another crucial condition of a private limited company is that it by its articles of association restricts the right to transfer its shares & also prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for any securities of the company. The maximum of 200 persons can become shareholders in the company. A private Limited company can be formed in three variations. .
i. As a private limited company
ii. As a small private limited company
iii. As a One Person Company (OPC).

A public enterprise incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 is called a government company. These companies are owned and managed by the central or the state government. Section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 defines "Government Companies" as any company in which not less than 51% of the [paid-up share capital] is held by.
(1) The Central Government; or
(2) Any State Government or Governments; or
(3) Partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments.

Holding Companies :
As per Section 2(87) "subsidiary company" or "subsidiary", in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding company 
1. Controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or
2. Exercises or controls more than onehalf of the total share capital either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies:
Provided that such class or classes of holding companies as may be prescribed shall not have layers of subsidiaries beyond such numbers as may be prescribed.
Subsidiary Company:
"Subsidiary company" or "Subsidiary" in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding
company.
1. controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or
2. exercises or controls more than one-half of the total share capital either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies:
Examples: H Ltd., holds more than 50% of the equity share capital of S Ltd. Now H Ltd., is the holding company of S Ltd. , and S Ltd., is the  subsidiary of H Ltd.

Meaning of Prospectus:
According to Section 2(36) of the Companies Act, any document inviting the public to buy its shares or debentures comes under the definition of prospectus. It also applies to advertisements inviting deposits from the public.
Contents of Prospectus:
A prospectus is "the only window through which a prospective investor can look into the soundness of a company's venture". Hence it must specify at least the following matters as per Schedule II:
1. The prospectus contains the main objectives of the company, the name and addresses of the signatories of the Memorandum of Association and the number of shares held by them.
2. The name, addresses and occupation of directors and managing directors.
3. The number and classes of shares and debentures issued.
4. The qualification share of directors and the interest of directors for the promotion of company.
5. The number, description and the document of shares or debentures which within the two preceding years have been agreed to be issued other than cash.
6. The name and addresses of the vendors of any property acquired by the company and the amount paid or to be paid.
7. Particulars about the directors, secretaries and the treasurers and their remuneration.
8. The amount for the minimum subscription.
9. If the company carrying on business, the length of time of such businesses.
10. The estimated amount of preliminary expenses.
11. Name and address of the auditors, bankers and solicitors of the company.
12. Time and place where copies of balance sheets, profits and loss account and the auditor's report may be inspected.
13. The auditor's report so submitted must deal with the profit and loss of the company for each year of five financial years immediately preceding the issue of prospectus.
14. If any profit or reserve has been capitalized, the particulars of such capitalization will be stated in the prospectus.