(i) Address Bus
(ii) Data Bus
(iii) Control Bus

(i) Address Bus
(ii) Control Bus
(iii) Data Bus

Ultra-violet-rays is used to erase the content of a EPROM.

High-Definition Multimedia Interface is an audio/ video interface which transfers the uncompressed video and audio data from a video controller, to a compatible computer monitor, LCD projector, digital television etc.

(i) The microprocessor which is an Integrated Circuit. Microprocessors were first introduced in early 1970s. The first general purpose microprocessor, 4004 was developed by Intel Inc.
(ii) The microprocessor is a programmable multipurpose silicon chip. It is driven by clock pulses. It accepts input as a binary data and after processing, it provides the output data as per the instructions stored in the memory.

The microprocessor is made up on main units. They are:
(i) Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU): To perform arithmetic and logical instructions based on computer instructions.
(ii) Control unit : To control the overall operations of the computer through signals.
(iii) Registers (Internal Memory): They are used to hold the instruction and data for the execution of the processor.

Flash memory devices:
(i) Flash memory is an clectronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storaye medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
(ii) Flash memories can be used in personal computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). digital audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones.
(iii) Flash memory offers fast access timcs. The time taken to read or write a character in memory is called access is time.
(iv) Examples for Flash memories arc pen memory drives, cards etc.
EEPROM :
(i) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.
(ii) EEPROM is non-volatile.
(iii) EEPROM is slower in performance.

(i) Serial Port 
(ii) Parallen Port
(iii) USB 3.0
(iv) VGA connector
(v) Audio plugs
(vi) PS/2 Port
(vii) SCSI Port
(viii) High Definition Multimedia Interface(HDMI).

Hard disk :
(i) Hard disk is a magnetic disk on which you can store data. The hard disk has the stacked arrangement of disks accessed by a pair of heads for each of the disks.
(ii) The hard disks come with a single or double-sided disk.
Compact Disk (CD) :

(i) A CD or CD-ROM is made from 1.2 millimetres thick, polycarbonate plastic material. A thin layer of aluminium or gold is applied to the surface.
(ii) CD data is represented as tiny indentations known as "pits", encoded in a spiral track moulded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits are known as "lands".
(iii) A motor within the CD player rotates the disk. The capacity of an ordinary CD- ROM is 700MB.
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD):

(i) A DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc capable of storing up to 4.7 GB of data, more than six times what a CD can hold.
(ii) DVDs are often used to store movies at a better quality. Like CDs, DVDs are read with a laser. The disc can have one or two sides, and one or two layers of data per side; the number of sides and layers determines how much it can hold.
(iii) A 12 em diameter disc with a single-sided, single layer has 4.7 GB capacity, whereas the single-sided, double layer has 8.5 GB capacity.
(iv) The 8 em DVD has 1.5 GB capacity. The capacity of a DVD-ROM can be visually determined by noting the number of data sides of the disc. Double-layered sides- are usually gold-coloured, while single-layered sides are usually silver-coloured, like a CD.

(i) The size of the instruction set is another important consideration while categorizing microprocessors.
(ii) Initially, microprocessors had very small instruction sets because complex hardware was expensive as well as difficult to build.
(iii) As technology had developed to overcome these issues, more and more complex instructions were added to increase the functionality of the microprocessor,
(iv) Let us learn more about the two types of microprocessors which are based on their instruction sets.
(v) RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computers. They have a small set of highly optimized instructions.
(vi) Complex instructions are also implemented using simpler instructions, thus reducing the size of the instruction set.
(vii) Examples of RISC processors are Intel P6, Pentium IV, AMD K6 and K7.
(viii) CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computers. They support hundreds of instructions. Computers supporting CISC can accomplish a wide variety of tasks, making them ideal for personal computers.
(ix) Examples of CISC processors are Intel 386 & 486, Pentium, Pentium II and III, and Motorola 68000.

Read only memory (ROM):
(i) Read Only Memory refers to special memory in a computer with pre-recorded data at manufacturing time which cannot be modified. The stored programs that start the computer and perform diagnostics are available in ROMs.
(ii) ROM stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. Once the data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be modified or removed and can only be read.
(iii) ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. So, ROM is called as a non-volatile memory
Programmable Read only memory (PROM):
(i) Programmable read only memory is also a non-volatile memory on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever.
(ii) Unlike the main memory, PROMs retain their Contents even when the computer is turned off.
(iii) PROM is manufactured as a blank memory, whereas ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process itself. PROM programmer or a PROM burner is used to write data to a PROM chip. The process of programming a PROM is called burning the PROM.
Erasable Programmable Read-only memory (EPROM):
(i) Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory is a special type of memory which serves as a PROM. The content can be erased using ultraviolet rays.
(ii) An EPROM differs from a PROM. PROM can be written only once and cannot be erased.
(iii) EPROMs are used widely in personal computer, because they enable the manufacturer to change the contents of the PROM to replace with updated versions or erase the contents before the computer is delivered.
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
(i) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.
(ii) Like other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off. Comparing with all other types of ROM, EEPROM is slower in performance.