Ultra-violet-rays is used to erase the content of a EPROM.

High-Definition Multimedia Interface is an audio/ video interface which transfers the uncompressed video and audio data from a video controller, to a compatible computer monitor, LCD projector, digital television etc.

The Program Counter (PC) is a special register in the CPU which always keeps the  address of the next instruction to be executed.

There are two types of microprocessors based on their instruction sets.
(i) Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC)
(ii) Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC)

Microprocessors can process instructions. The microprocessors can be classified as follows based on the size of the data.
1. 8-bit microprocessor
2. 16-bit microprocessor
3. 32-bit microprocessor
4. 64-bit microprocessor

1. Computer Organization deals with the hardware components that are transparent to the programmer.
2. Computer architecture deals with the engineering considerations involved in designing a computer.

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data and instructions are stored. There are two types pf accessing methods to access (read or write) the memory.

They are sequential access and random access. In sequential access, the memory is accessed in an orderly manner from starting to end. But, in random access, any byte of memory can be accessed directly without navigating through previous bytes. Different memory devices are arranged according to the capacity, speed and cost as shown in Figure.

A Microprocessor's performance depends on the following characteristics:
(a) Clock speed
(b) Instruction set
(c) Word size
(a) Clock Speed
(i) Every microprocessor has an internal clock that regulates the speed at which it executes instructions.
(ii) The speed at which the microprocessor executes instructions is called clock speed. Clock speed is measured in MHz (Mega Hertz) or in GHz (Giga Hertz).
(b) Instruction set
(i) A command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction.
(ii) Basic set of machine-level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as an instruction set. This instruction set carries out the following types of operations:
1. Data transfer
2. Arithmetic operations
3. Logical operations
4. Control flow
5. Input/output
(c) Word Size:
(i) The number of bits that can be processed by a processor in a single instruction is called its word size.
(ii) Word size determines the amount of RAM that can be accessed by a microprocessor at one time and the total number of pins on the microprocessor.
(iii) Total number of input and output pins in turn determines the architecture of the microprocessor.