The list of content returned via a search engine to a user is known as a search engine results page.

Examples of Internet are
(i) E-mail
(ii) Instant Messaging
(iii) Social Networking
(iv) Online Shopping.

Phishing scams are fraudulent attempts by cyber criminals to obtain private information. Phishing Scams often appear in the guise of email messages designed to appear as though they are from legitimate sources.

(i) Websites that display marks of Public Examinations and Entrance Examinations changes when different register numbers are given. Such websites are called as Dynamic websites.
(ii) Example: Websites of Government and Entrance Exams.

(i) CC (Carbon Copy) : The CC (Carbon Copy) field allows you to specify recipients who are not direct addressees (listed in the "To" field). This field is optional.
(ii) BCC(Blind Carbon Copy): The BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) field is similar to CC, except the recipients are secret.

Protocol, domain, path, hash and query string.

A search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.
Example: Yahoo, Lycos, Hotbot and Google.

A network is a collection of interconnected devices (such as computers, printers, etc.).

(i) Local Area Network (LAN)
(ii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
(iii) Wide Area Network (WAN)·
(iv) Campus Area. Network (CAN)
(v) Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN)

The main advantages of email are listed below :
(i) Free delivery: Sending an e-mail is virtually free, outsicde the cost of Internet service. There is no need to buy a postage stamp to send a letter.
(ii) Global delivery : E-mail can be sent to nearly anywhere around the world, to any country.
(iii) Instant delivery : An e-mail can be instantly sent and reccived by the recipient over the Internet. (iv) File attachment : An e-mail can include one or more file attachments, allowing a person to send documents, pictures, or other files with an e-mail.
(v) Long-term storage : E-mails are stored electronically, which allows for storage and archival over long periods of time.
(vi) Environment friendly: Sending an e-mail does not require paper( Paperless), cardboard, or packing tape, conserving paper resources.

Website	Web page
A collection of multiple documents displayable by a browser.	Consists of a Single document displayed by a browser.
Has its own unique domain name	Shares a unique domain name.
Contains one or more web pages.	Makes up a website.

Data card	Dongles
It is a removable electronic card which is used for storing for data.	Refers to any removable component used for enabling extra security.
Types of data cards are 1. Expansion Card 2. Memory Card or Flash Card 3. Identification Card	USB Dongles can be divided into 1. Wi-Fi Dongles 2. Blue Tooth Dongle 3. Memory Dongle

Characteristics	Personal Area Network (PAN)	Campus Area Network (CAN)
Range	Upto 100 meters	Upto 5 Kms
Location	Used for a shorter distance, controlled by a single person within a single building	Larger than LAN Larger than LAN MAN. University, school or small business, enterprise
Speed	Up to 250 Kbps	40 KB/s To 1 MB/s
Advantages	Efficient, Cost-effective, and convenient. Controlled by a single person Hotspot may connect up to 8 devices	Cost-effective, Wired or Wireless Network, High Bandwidth with Multi-departmental Network access
Disadvantages	Shorter distance up to 10 meters only. The data rate is low compared to other networks	Difficult to manage.

Types of Interactions in e-Govemance :
1. G2G (Government to Government): When the exchange of information and services is within the periphery of the government, is termed as G2G interaction. This can be both horizontal, i.e. among various government entities and vertical, i.e. between national, state and local government entities and within different levels of the entity
2. G2C (Government to Citizen): The interaction amidst the government and general public isG2C interaction. Here an interface is set up between government and citizens, which enables citizens to get access to wide variety of public services. The citizens has the freedom to share their views and grievances on government policies anytime, anywhere.
3. G2B (Government to Business): In this case, the e-governance helps the business class to .interact with the government seamlessly, It aims at eliminating red-tapism, saving time, cost and establish transparency in the business environment, while interacting with government.
4. G2E (Government to Employees): The government of arty country is the biggest employer and so it also deals with employees on a regular basis, as other employers do. ICT helps in making the interaction between government, and employees fast and efficient, along with raising their level of satisfaction by providing perquisites and add-on benefits.
E-governance has a great role to play, that improves and supports all tasks performed by the government department andagencies, because it simplifies the task on the one hand and increases the quality of work on the other.

Classifying e-commerce according to the parties involved:
1. Business to consumer (B2C) : Transactions happen between businesses and consumers. In B2C e-commerce, businesses are the ones selling products or services to end-users (i.e. consumers).
2. Business to business (B2B) : As its name states, B2B e-commerce pertains to transactions conducted between two businesses. Any company whose customers are other businesses operate on a B2B model.
3. Consumer to business (C2B) : Consumer to qusiness e-commerce happens when a consumer sells or contributes monetary value to a business. Many crowdsourcing campaigns fall under C2B e-commerce.
4. Consumer to consumer (C2C) : As you might have guessed, C2C e-commerce happens when  something is bought and sold between two consumers. C2C commonly takes place on online marketplaces such as eBay, in which one individual sells a product or service to another
5. Government to business (G2B) : G2C transactions take place when a company pays for government goods, services, or fees online. Examples could be a business paying for taxes using the Internet.
6. Business to government (B2G) : When a government entity uses the Internet to purchases goods or services from a business, the transaction may fall under B2G e-commerce. Let's say a city or town hires a web design firm to update its website. This type of deal may be considered a form of B2G.
7. Consumer to government (G2C) : Consumers can also engage in B2C e-commerce. People paying for traffic tickets or paying for their car registration renewals Online may fall under this category

(i) Internet telephony using VolP (Voice-over Internet Protocol) Example Skype
(ii) Job search : Nowadays, many people search for their jobs online using naukri.com, monster.com, recuritmentindia.com etc as it is quicker.
(iii) Online Shopping : The internet has also facilitated the introduction of a new market concept consisting of virtual shops. For example amazon.com
(iv) Stock market updates : Selling or buying shares sitting on computer through internet. Several websites like ndtvprofit.com, moneypore.com, provide information regarding investment.
(v) Travel : One can use internet to gather information about various tourist place .it can be used for booking Holiday tours. Some of the web sites providing this service are goibibo.com, makemytrip.com, olacabs.com.
(vi) Research: Research papers are present online which helps the researcher do a literature review.
(vii) Video conferencing : It enables direct face to-face communication across networks via web cameras, microphones, and other communication tools.

Depending upon geographical area covered by a network, it is classified as:
(i) Local Area Network (LAN)
(ii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
(iii) Wide Area Network (WAN)
(iv) Personal Area Network (PAN)
(v) Campus Area Network (CAN)
(iv) Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN)
(i) Local Area Network (LAN)

Range	Upto 10 km
Location	Refers to same office, same building, same company and in same school
Speed	Upto 10-100 Mbps
Advantage	Low Cost, Resource Sharing, Security
Disadvantage	Area Covered Limited When Number of nodes increases,Performance Decreases

(ii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Range	10 to 15 Miles
Location	MAN is a network designed to extend over an entire city.
Speed	Upto 5 - 10 Mbps
Advantage	Wider than LAN.
Disadvantage	Data rate is slow compared toLAN Cost higher than LAN.

(iii) Wide Area Network (WAN)

Range	Above 1000 Kms
Location	It Span entire countries and continents.
Speed	Upto 256 Kbpsto 2 Mbps.
Advantage	Large geographical Areaz
Disadvantage	1. Complicated and Complex. High Cost. 2. Requires high Performance. Devices. 3. Low security. Cost higher than LAN.

(iv) Personal Area Network (PAN)

Range	Upto 100 meters
Location	Used for shorter distance, controlled by a single person within a single building
Speed	Up to 250 Kbps.
Advantage	1. Efficient, Cost effective and convenient. 2. Controlled by a single person Hotspot may connect upto 8 devices.
Disadvantage	1. Shorter distance upto 10 meters only. 2. Data rate is low compared to other network.

 (v) Campus Area Network (CAN)

Range	Upto 5 Kms
Location	Larger than LAN, but smaller than MAN. University, school or small business, enterprise
Speed	40 KB/s TO 1 MB/s
Advantage	Cost effective, Wired or Wired Network, High Bandwith Multidepartmental Network access
Disadvantage	Difficult to manage

(iv) Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN)

Range	Upto 50 Kms
Location	Ranges from a single room to an entire campus Uses Wifi or Bluetooth, Radio waves
Speed	1 Mbps to 54 Mbps.
Advantage	Portable Installation is quick and easy
Disadvantage	Low Bandwith due to interference