Cybercrime is an intellectual, white-collar crime. Those who commit such crimes generally manipulate the computer system in an intelligent manner.

The \(<mark>\) tag is used to highlight the text in HTML. This is also a container tag. Highlighting is an important formatting feature used to call attention to the reader.

(i) CC (Carbon Copy) : The CC (Carbon Copy) field allows you to specify recipients who are not direct addressees (listed in the "To" field). This field is optional.
(ii) BCC(Blind Carbon Copy): The BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) field is similar to CC, except the recipients are secret.

The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the user end. They are
(i) File access level
(ii) System level
(ill) Network level.

The processing required for a single instruction is called Instruction Cycle. Each Instruction Cycle consists of two parts.
(a) The Fetch Cycle - That Fetches the instruction to be executed.
(b) The Execute Cycle - That Executes the instruction Fetched.

(i) The ALU performs arithmetic operations.
(ii) The result of an operation is stored in internal memory of CPU.
(iii) The logical operations of ALU promote the decision making ability of a computer.

The key board shortcuts to cut, copy, paste
Cut - Ctrl + X
Copy - Ctrl + C
Paste - Ctrl + V

Help (F1), Tool tips, Extended tips, Help Agent.

(i) Direction:
1. This is used to specify the direction of the movement of text or image.
2. The text or image will move towards right to left by default. So, the default direction is left.
3. The Possible values are 'up', 'down', 'left' or 'right'.
(ii) Behaviour:
1. This attribute is used to specify the type of scrolling.
2. The values are 'scroll', 'slide' and 'alternate'.

(i) JavaScript programming language is used to develop interactive web pages called Dynamic Web pages.
(ii) User entered data in the Dynamic Web page can be validated before sending it to the server. This saves server traffic, which means less load on your server
(iii) JavaScript includes items such as Texboxes, Buttons, drag-and-drop components and sliders to give a Rich Interface to site visitors.

if (expression)
{
// Execute code block #1
}
else if (expression)
{
// Execute code block #2
}
else if (expression)
{
// Execute code block #3
}
else
{
// if all else fails, execute block #4
}

Attributes of < html > tag:
(i) The < html > tag is used to specify the beginning and closing of an HTML document. This tag does not have any effect on the appearance of a document. This is only used to make browsers and other programs, known that this is an HTML document.
(ii) < html > tag has two attributes viz. dir and lang to specify the text direction and language setting respectively.

(i) Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems.
(ii) A distributed system is a model in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages.
(iii) The components interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal.

There are two types of microprocessors based on their instruction sets.
(i) Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC)
(ii) Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC)

1. The base or radix is 16. Thus it has 16 possible digit symbols. It uses the digits 0 to 9 plus the. letters A, B, C, D, E and F (with respect to 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15).
2. It is generally used in microcomputers. Eg. (ABC)₁₆.

Transition effects are special effects that play when the user view a presentation in slide show. In other words,it appear after vanishing of the current slide and before the appearance of the next slide. These effects are used to enhance the initial appearance of the slides.

Formatting a table involves formatting of the table layout, formatting of the table text, adjusting the size of the table, its position on the page, adding or removing rows or columns, merging and splitting cells, changing borders and the background.

The < IMG > tag along with the attribute src (Source) is used to add images in HTML document.
General format:
< img src = image_name _with_extension >
(OR)
< img src = URL >
Example: < img src =image 1.gif >
Src attribute is the main attribute used to specify the file name of the image to be inserted. If the image is not in the current working folder, the image file name should clearly specify with the path of the file or URL, where the file is available
Example: < img src = "D:\images\animals\cat.jpeg'' >
Alt (Alternative Text): The alt attribute within < img > tag is used to describe the image, so that some text is conveyed even when the image cannot be displayed.
Example: < img src = bharathiyar.gif alt = "National Poet of India" >
Width and Height: Width and Height attributes ate used to set the width and height of an image. The values of these attributes should be either pixels or percentage of its actual size. If these attributes are not specified, the browser displays the image in its original size.
Vspace (Vertical Space) and Hspace (Horizontal Space): Vspace and Hspace attributes are used to set Vertical and Horizontal space between the images.
Align: The align attribute used to aligns the image with respect to the base line of the text. This attribute has the following values.
(i) Bottom - Aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline of the text. This is the default setting.
(ii) Middle - Aligns the middle of the image with the baseline of the text.
(iii) Top - Aligns the top of the image with the baseline of the text.
Left and Right values of Align attribute: Using left and right values with align attribute, displayed. the image on the left and right side of the text.

Javascript supports all the basic arithmetic operators like addition (+),subtraction (-) multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%, also known as the remainder operator)
Arithmetic operators :

< Html >
< Body >
< script language="Javascript" type="text/ javascript" > .
var N=0;
var N = promt ("Enter the Number","0");
switch (N)
{
case 1 :
document.write ("One");
break;
case 2 :
document.write ("Two");
break;
case 3 :
document.write ("Three");
break;
case 4 :
document.write ("Four");
break;
case 5 :
document.write ("Five");
break;
default:
document.write ("Invalid! Enter between 1 and 5");
}
< /script >
< /body >
< /Html >

(i) Wireless: Radio frequency bands are used in place of telephone or cable networks. One of the greatest advantages of wireless Internet connections is the "always-on" connection that can be accessed from any location that falls within network coverage. Wireless connections are made possible through the use of a modem, which picks up Internet signals and sends them to other devices.
(ii) Mobile : Many cell phone and smartphone providers offer voice plans with Internet access. Mobile Internet connections provide good speeds and allow you to access the Internet.
(iii) Cable : Cable Internet connection is a form of broadband access. Through use of a cable modem, users can access the Internet over cable TV lines. Cable modems can provide extremely fast access to the Internet.
(iv) Satellite : In certain areas where broadband connection is not yet offered, a satellite Internet option may be available, Similar to wireless access, satellite connection utilizes a modem.
(v) ISDN: ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows users to send data, voice and video content over digital telephone lines or standard telephone wires. The installation of an ISDN adapter is required at both ends of the transmission-on the part of the user as well as the Internet access provider.

(a) FIFO (First In First Out)Scheduling :
(i) This algorithm is based on queuing technique. Assume that a student is standing in a queue (Row) to get grade sheet from his/her teacher.
(ii) The other student who stands first in the queue gets his/her grade sheet first and leaves from the queue (Row). Followed by the next student in the queue gets it corrected and so on. This is the basic logic of the FIFO algorithm.
(iii) Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on. The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row).
(b) SJF (Shortest Job First)Scheduling:
(i) This algorithm works based on the size of the job being executed by the CPU.
(ii) Consider two jobs A and B.
(iii) 1) A = 6 kilo bytes 2) B = 9 kilo bytes.
(iv) First the job "A" will be assigned and then job "B" gets its turn.
(c) Round RobinScheduling :
(i) The Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems.
(ii) Jobs (processes) are assigned and processor time in a circular method.
(iii) For example take three jobs A, B, C. First the job A is assigned to CPU then job B and job C and then again A, Band C and so on.

(a) Bus:
A bus is a collection of wires used for communication between the internal components of a computer.
(b) Data bus:
(i) Data busis a collection of wires to carry data in bits.
(ii) A data bus is used to transfer data between the memory and the CPU.
(iii) The data bus is bidirectional.
(c) Address bus:
(i) Address bus is a collection of wires to carry data in bits.
(ii) The address bus is used to point a memory location.
(iii) The address bus is unidirectional.
(d) Control bus:
(i) Control bus is a control line/collection of wires to control the operation/functions.
(ii) The control bus controls both read and write operations.

The slide master will be helpful in this situation. Select the Master slide,
(i) Choose Edit \(\rightarrow\)Find & Replace option from the menu bar. The Find & Replace Dialog box appears on the screen.

(ii) In the search for box type the misspelt word. |
(iii) Type the correct word in the Replace with box.
(iv) Click the Find option to find the misspelt word.
(v) Click the Replace All option to replace the correct word in all the slides. You can see the replacemnent in all the slides.

1. Connecting with Excel: Ability to open, edit, and save Microsoft Excel spreadsheets
2. AutoSum: Helps you to add the contents of a cluster of adjacent cells.
3. List AutoFill: Automatically extends cell formatting when a new item is added to the end of a list.
4. AutoFill: Allows you to quickly fill cells with repetitive or sequential data such as chronological dates or numbers, and repeated text. AutoFill can also be used to copy functions. You can also alter text and numbers with this feature.
5. AutoShapes toolbar: Will allow you to draw a number of geometrical shapes, arrows, flowchart elements, stars and more. With these shapes, you can draw your own graphs.
6. Wizard: Guides you to work effectively while you work by displaying various helpful tips and techniques based on what you are doing.
7. Drag and Drop: It will help you to reposition the data and text by simply dragging the data with the help of a mouse.
8. Charts: It will help you in presenting a graphical representation of your data in the form of Pie, Bar, Line charts and more.
9. PivotTable: It flips and sums data in seconds and allows you to perform data analysis and generating reports like periodic financial statements, statistical reports, etc. You can also analyze complex data relationships graphically.
10. Shortcut Menus: The commands that are appropriate to the task that you are doing will appear by clicking the right mouse button.
11. Functions: which can be used to create formulas to perform complex calculations on data. Database functions, to arrange, store, and filter data
12. Import and export: of spreadsheets in multiple formats, including HTML, CSV, PDF, and PostScript.