1. BCD - Binary Coded Decimal.
2. EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
3. ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange,
4. Unicode.
5. ISCII - Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange

∴ 46₁₀ - 101110₂

The term data comes from the word datum, which means a raw fact. The data is a fact about people. places or some objects

(i) ISCII is the system of handling the character of Indian local languages. This as a 8-bit coding system.
(ii) Therefore it can handle 256 (28) characters. This system is formulated by the department of Electronics in India in the year 1986-88 and recognized by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
(iii) Now this coding system is integrated with Unicode.

150₁₀ = (10010110)₂
10010110₂=?
                    
10010110₂ = 226₈

A numbering system is a way of representing numbers. Each number system is uniquely identified by its base value or radix. Radix or base is the count of number of digits in each number system. Radix or base is the general idea behind positional numbering system.
Example:
Binary Number System - Radix 2
Octal Number Systenm - Radix 8
Decimal Number System - Radix 10
Hexadecimal Number System - Radix 16.

a. 1101010₂ + 101101₂
1101010
+101101
________
10010111
________
1101010₂ + 101101₂ = 10010111₂
b. 1101011₂ - 111010₂
1101011
+111010
_______
0110001
_______
1101011₂ - 111010₂ = 110001₂

a) The method of repeated multiplication by 2 has to be used to convert such kind of decimal fractions.
The steps involved in the method of repeated multiplication by 2:
Step 1: Multiply the decimal fraction by 2 and note the integer part. The integer part is either 0 or 1.
Step 2: Discard the integer part of the previous product. Multiply the fractional part of the previous product by 2. Repeat Step 1 until the same fraction repeats or terminates (0).
Step 3: The resulting integer part forms a sequence of 0s and 1s that become the binary equivalent of decimal fraction.
Step 4: The final answer is to be written from first integer part obtained till the last integer part obtained.
b) (98.46)₁₀
1. Integer part

2. Fractional part
0.46 \(\times\) 2 = 0.92 = 0
0.92 \(\times\) 2= 1.84 = 1
0.84 \(\times\) 2= 1.68 = 1
0.68 \(\times\) 2= 1.36 = 1
0.36 \(\times\) 2 =0.72 = 0
0.72 \(\times\) 2= 1.44 = 1
98.46₁₀= (1100010.011101...)₂