The do-while loop is an exit-controlled loop. In do-while loop, the condition is evaluated at the bottom of the loop after executing the body of the loop. This means that the body of the loop is executed at least once, even when the condition evaluates false during the first iteration.
The do-while loop. syntax is:
do
{
Body of the loop;
} while (condition);

The test expression is an expression or condition whose value decides whether the loop-body will be executed or not. If the expression evaluates to true (i.e.; 1), the body of the loop is executed, otherwise the loop is terminated.
In an entry-controlled loop, the test-expression is evaluated before the entering into a loop, whereas in an exit-controlled loop, the test-expression is evaluated before exit from the loop.

The syntax of the nested switch statement is;
switch (expression)
{
case constant 1:
statement(s);
break;
switch( expression)
{
case constant 1:
statement (s);
break;
case constant 2:
statement(s);
break
.
.
.
default :
statement(s);
}
case constant 2:
statement(s);
break;
.
.
.
default:
statement( );
}

The sequential statement are the statements that are executed one after another only once from top to bottom. These statements do not alter the flow of execution. These statements are called as sequential flow statements. They always end with a semicolon (;).

Break	Continue
The break is used to terminate the execution of the loop	Continue is not used to terminate the execution of the loop.
It breaks the iteration	It skips the iteration
When this statement is executed, control will come out from the loop and execute the the statement immediately after the loop.	When this statement is executed, it will not come out of the loop but moves/jumps to the next iteration of the loop.
The break is used with loops as well as switch cases.	Continue is only used in loops, it is not used in switch cases.

The goto statement is a control statement which is used to transfer the control from one place to another place without any condition in a program.
The syntax of the goto statement is;

Syntax 1 goto label; ------------------ ------------------ ---------------- label;

Syntax 2 label; ------------- ------------- ------------- goto label;

#include< iostream.h >
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
int i=1,num,avg,sum=0;
while(i < =5)
{
cout << "Enter the number :";
cin>>num;
sum=sum+num;
i++;
}
avg=sum/5;
cout << "The sum is" << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the number: 1
Enter the number: 2
Enter the number: 3
Enter the number: 4
Enter the number: 5
The sum is 15

There are some important things to know about the switch statement. They are
(1) A switch statement can only work for quality of comparisons.
(2) No two case labels in the same switch can have identical values
(3) If character constants are used in the switch statement; they are automatically converted to their equivalent ASCII codes.
(4) The switch statement is a more efficient choice than if in a situation that supports the nature of the switch operation.

#include < iostream.h >
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
int i, sum=0;
for(i=l; i < =10; i++)
{
sum=sum + i;
}
cout << "The sum of 1 to 10 is" << sum;
return 0;
}
Output
The sum of 1 to 10 is 55

Given Code	Functional Code
v = 5; do; { total += v; cout << total; while v <= 10	int v = 5, total = 0; do { total + = v; cout << total; V++; } while (v<=10);