Inheritance is the good feature for data redundancy. If you need a same functionality in multiple class you can write a common class for the same functionality and inherit that class to sub class.

A Class is a construct in C++ which is used to bind data and its associated function together into a single unit using the encapsulation concept. Class is a user defined data type. Class represents a group of similar objects.

Encapsulation is about binding the data variables and functions together in class. It can also be called data binding.

The mechanism by which the data and functions are bound together into a single unit is known as Encapsulation. It implements abstraction.

It can also be defined as a template or blueprint representing a group objects that share common properties and relationship.

Size: Object Oriented Programs are much larger than other programs.
Effort: Object Oriented Programs require a lot of work to create.
Speed: Object Oriented Programs are slower than other programs, because of their size.

Abstraction means giving only essential things and hiding unnecessary details. Encapsulation is the binding of data members and methods together in a capsule to avoid accidental changes to data from external users. i.e., encapsulation is the bundling of related algorithms and data.

Class	Object
Class is a blue print or template from which objects are created.	Object is an instance of a class.
Class doesn't allocate memory when it is created.	Objects allocate memory when it is created.
Class is a logical entity.	Object is a physical entity.

Modular programming	Procedural programming
Emphasis on algorithm rather than data.	Programs are organized in the form of subroutines or sub programs.
Programs are divided into individual modules.	All data items are global.
Each modules are independent of each other and have their own local data.	Suitable for small sized software application.
Modules can work with its own data as well as with the data passed to it.	Difficult to maintain and enhance the program code as any change in data type needs to be propagated to all subroutines that use the same data type.

Objects:
Represents data and its associated function together into a single unit. Objects are the basic unit of OOP. Basically an object is created from a class. They are instances of class also called as class variables. An identifiable entity with some characteristics and behaviour is called object.

Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. This encapsulation of data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.

Important features of Modular programming:
1. Emphasis on algorithm rather than data
2. Programs are divided into individual modules
3. Each modules are independent of each other and have their own local data
4. Modules can work with its own data as well as with the data passed to it.
Example: Pascal and C.

Paradigm means organizing principle of a program. It is an approach to programming. There are different approaches available for problem solving using computer. They are Procedural programming, Modular Programming and Object Oriented Programming.

(i) The mechanism by which the data and functions are bound together into a single unit is known as ENCAPSULATION. It implements abstraction.
(ii) Abstraction refers to showing only the essential features without revealing background details.
(iii) Modularity is designing a system that is divided into a set of functional units that can be composed into a larger application.
(iv) Polymorphims is the ability of a message or function to be displayed in more than one form.
(v) Inheritance is the technique of building new classes (derived class) from an existing class.
(vi) The most important advantage of inheritance is code reusability.
(vii) Inheritance is transitive in nature.

Re-usability: "Write once and use it multiple times" you can achieve this by using class.
Redundancy: Inheritance is the good feature for data redundancy, If you need a same functionality in multiple class you can write a common class for the same functionality and inherit that class to sub class.
Easy Maintenance: It is easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small difference to existing ones.
Security: Using data hinding and abstraction only necessary data will be provided thus maintains the security of data.

Procedural programming	Object-Oriented Programming
Programs are organized in the form of subroutines or sub programs.	Emphasizes on data rather than algorithm.
All data items are global.	Data abstraction is introduced in addition to procedural abstraction.
Suitable for small sized software application.	Data and its associated operations are grouped in to single unit.
Difficult to maintain and enhance the program code as any change in data type needs to be propagated to all subroutines that use the same data type.	Programs are designed around the data being operated.
Example: FORTRAN and COBOL	Example: C++, Java, VB.Net, Python