The methodology for the preparation of blood smear is as follows.
1. Place a drop of blood on a clean glass slide about 1cm from one end

2.Using another glass slide placed at an angle of about 45° to the previous slide.
3.Spread the drop of blood quickly in one stroke as a thin film.
4. Stain the film using Leishman's stain.
5. Allow the slide to dry and wash the excess stain.
6. Observe the slide under a light microscope.

1. Tumours of the chest, abdomen or pelvis.
2. Diseases of the liver; inflammatory bowel disease, heart problems, such as congenital heart disease.
3. Malformation of the blood vessels and inflammation of the vessels (vasculitis).
4. A foetus in the womb of a pregnant woman.
5. Visualising injuries, tom ligaments especially' in areas like wrist ankle or knee.

1. PET is also. computerized imaging technique unlike CT.
2. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine procedure based on the measurement of positron emission from radiolabelled tracer molecules.
3. These radiotracers allow biologic processes to be measured and whole-body images to be obtained which demonstrates sites of radiotracer accumulation.
4. A PET image gives quantitative regional information on the metabolic and physiological processes.
5. PET uses positron-emitting radioisotopes (llC 13N 150 18F) which are generated by the cyclotron.
6. The most common radiotracer in use today is 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) which is a radiolabelled sugar (glucose) molecule.
7. These atoms are then incorporated by chemical methods into biological molecules like glucose, amino acids and ammonia.
8. These positron-emitting compounds are then injected in very small amounts into or inhaled by experimental animals or human subjects.
9. The three-dimensional distribution of the labeled trace is then probed by powerful PET cameras and the images are reconstructed by a computer.
10. The quantitative interpretation of the image is done by varying mathematical models.
11. They deal with the process of uptake and metabolism of the radioisotope.

1. CT gives a clear image of bone, soft tissues and blood vessels.
2. Helps in the diagnosis of injuries of the inner ears and sinuses.
3. To detect cancer, heart and lung disorders.
4. For diagnosis of spinal problems and skeletal injuries.
5. Helps to measure bone mineral density.
6. To detect stroke causing clots and hemorrhage in the brain

A drop of blood is taken from the tip of the finger and placed on the disposable test strip. The meter reads the blood sample and displays the glucose level in the units of mgldL. Most glucometers are based on the electrochemical technology or colour reflectance principle.
Significance
1. Handy and portable
2. Immediate results, the results are displayed in approximately 40 seconds.
3. Requires no calculation.
4. No training is required for operating the instrument.
Normal Glucose Values in blood
Normal glucose value : 70 - 100 mg/dL
Random blood sugar : 80 -120 mg/dL
Fasting blood sugar : 70 - 110 mg/dL
Post - prandial blood sugar : 70 - 140 mg/dL.