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11th Standard English Medium Chemistry Subject Periodic Classification of Elements Book Back 3 Mark Questions with Solution Part - I

Published on: 08/06/2021

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Std: 11th Standard - Chemistry

chapter: - Book back Questions

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Questions:

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

Mention any two anomalous properties of second period elements.

Why halogens act as oxidising agents?

Elements a, b, c and d have the following electronic configurations:
a: 1s², 2s², 2p⁶
b: 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p¹
c: 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶
d: 1s², 2s², 2p¹
Which elements among these will belong to the same group of periodic table.

In what period and group will an element with Z = 118 will be present?

The electronic configuration of atom is one of the important factor which affects the value of ionisation potential and electron gain enthalpy. Explain.

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Answers Key:

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

(i) Lithium and beryllium form more covalent compounds, unlike the alkali and alkali earth metals which predominantly form ionic compounds.
(ii) The elements of the second period have only four orbitals (2s & 2p) in the valence shell and have a maximum co-valence of 4, whereas the other members of the subsequent periods have more orbitals in their valence shell and shows higher valences. For example, boron forms BF₄^- and aluminium forms AIF₆^3-.

(i) Due to low bond dissociation enthalpy, high electronegativity and large negative electron gain enthalpy, halogen have a strong tendency to accept electrons and thus get reduced.
X²+2e^- ⟶ 2X^-
(ii) The ready acceptance of an electron is due to the strong oxidising nature of halogens.
(iii) F₂ is the strongest oxidising halogen and it oxidises other halide ions in solution or even in the solid phase. In general, a halogen oxidises halide ions of higher atomic number.
(iv) Hence, the oxidising ability of halogens decreases from fluorine to iodine as :
F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂

In the periodic table vertical columns are called groups.
Elements in the same vertical column possess similar number of electrons in the outer orbitals.
∴ Elements a and c belongs to group 18
Elements b and d belongs to group 13

Z = 118; [₈₆Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶
In the periodic table the element with Z = 118 is located in p-block,
Period no = 7 (as n = 7 for valence shell)
Group no. = 18 (group no = 10+ ns electrons + np electrons) (n - outer most shell)

(i) Electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The outermost electron shell is often referred to as the "valence shell"determines the chemical properties.
(ii) Ionization energy and electron affinity is the amount of energy released or required in pulling out or adding an electron to a neutral atom. So both depend on electronic configuration of the element.