Commercial Banks:
Most of the commercial banks extend foreign currency loans for promoting business opportunities. The loans and services of various types, provided by banks differ from country to country
International Agencies and. Development Banks:
International agencies and Development banks play an important role to promote international trade and business. They provide term loans and grants. to promote the development of economically backward areas in the world. International Finance Corporation (IFC), EXIM Bank and Asian Development Bank are the agencies operating at International level to meet the needs of the international finance.
International Capital Markets:
Modern organisations including multinational companies depend upon sizeable borrowings in rupees as well as in foreign currencies. Prominent financial instruments used for this purpose are Depository Receipts.

We can ask the Government, if any policy has been changed and sanctioned any compensations. Otherwise we can ask him whether insurance took the harvesting land. If he did the insurance policy, the Insurance company can give the compensations and we can collect from them, or we can give notice and give the auction on that land and recover money from that auction by the land document. The land was hypothecated by the bank and the loan was given. So we can have a chance to recover that loan.

Franchising fees:
The initial franchising fee and the subsequent renewal fees can be very high in case of successful businesses. From the franchisee's point of view, this may be a deterrent.
Fixed royalty payment:
The franchisee has to make payment of royalty to the franchiser on a regular basis. This considerably reduces the income of the franchisee.
Danger of image tarnishing:
If the franchisee does not maintain standards of quality and service; there is a danger that the goodwill and image of the reputed franchiser will be adversely affected.
Lack of freedom:
The franchisee does not have the freedom to run his business in an independent manner. He has to abide by management and operational policies of the franchiser, This may serve as a deterrent whether suitable to him or not.
Limitation on range of products:
The franchisee cannot introduce new product lines into the business, except those permitted by franchiser. This may mean loss of business to franchisee amidst demands based on local conditions.

There are two ways by which health insurance claims are settled:
Cashless:
The claim amount needs to· be approved by the TPA and the hospital settles the amount with the TPA. (TPA or Third Party Administrator is a middleman between Insurer and the Customer) Reimbursement:
The insured avails himself or herself of the treatment and settles the hospital bills directly at the hospital. The insured can claim reimbursement later on by submitting relevant bills/documents for the claimed amount to the TPA.

Short term and medium term loans are provided by commercial banks against eligible collaterals to business concerns. It is a definite sum of money lent for a definite period. It is repayable in one lump sum, or in instalments. Interest is payable on the entire loan amount. The loans are classified as under:
i) Housing Loan:
Taking the title deeds of the house as collateral security, based on the monthly income of the borrowing customer, banks advance medium and long term loans.The customer repay the loan in equated monthly instalments (EMI consists of principal and interest).
ii) Consumer Loans:
Consumer durables like refrigerator, air conditioner, laptop, washing machine, television, etc.can be purchased by customers with consumer loans from banks.The product purchased is hypothecated (secured loan arrangement where the movable asset remains with the borrower) as security for the consumer loan amount. The customer pays in equated monthly instalments for a specified period.
iii) Vehicle Loans:
Two wheelers, cars, buses and other vehicles can be purchased by individuals as well as institutions obtaining vehicle loans from the banks. Vehicles are hypothecated to the bank until the entire loan amount is repaid.
iv) Educational Loan:
Loan is provided by banks to students for studying undergraduate, postgraduate or professional courses. Loan may be received in instalments to pay the educational fees every year. After completion of the course one year is allowed for the student to get employed.Afterwards, the student should repay the loan with interest for the entire period. Interest is charged from the date of first instalment of loan amount payment.
v) Jewel Loan:
Customers pledge their gold jewels and. obtain loans from banks. The margin (percentage of value per gram that can be given as credit) requirement is fixed by the RBI. Interest should be paid every month. Otherwise interest on interest is charged. Within 12 months the customer can redeem or else can re-pledge. Jewels not redeemed even after reminders are sold in auction by banks to recover their dues.

Government of Tamil Nadu launched "New Entrepreneur - cum-Enterprise Development Scheme (NEEDS)" with a view to encouraging the educated youth to become the first generation entrepreneurs. The Scheme envisages providing entrepreneurship development training to educated young entrepreneurs, preparing business plans and helping them to tie up with financial institutions to set up new business ventures, besides linking them with major industrial clients.

India's important Import items.
i) Minerals, fuels including oil.,
ii) Gems, precious metals.
ii) Electrical machinery and equipments.
iv) Machinery including computers.
v) Organic chemicals.
India's important Export items
i) Petroleum products.
ii) Jewellery.
iii) Automobile.
iv) Bio-chemicals.
v) Pharmaceuticals.

(i) Ocean transport has been playing a significant role in development of economic, social and cultural relations among countries of the world. International trade owes its growth to ocean transport.
(ii) Ocean transport enjoys a pride of place in aiding international trade. Cheapness is its great virtue. In the transportation of lowgrade, bulky goods among the countries, ocean transport role is commendable.
Types of Ocean Transport:
Ocean Transport may be divided into two categories
(i) Coastal Shipping
(ii) Overseas Shipping
(i) Coastal shipping:
(1) Coastal shipping constitutes an important means of transport in all countries having a long coastline. It is a cheap means of transport for the movement of bulky cargoes like coal, iron ore etc. to domestic ports of country.
(2) Usually, coastal shipping trade of a country is reserved for national shipping. In India, Coastal shipping trade is now exclusively reserved for Indian ships.
(ii) Overseas shipping:
(1) It means the passengers and goods have to cross ocean.
(2) Overseas shipping has an important role in India's International trade. Ocean going ships may further classified as follows:
Liners and Tramps

(i) Cost:
Business enterprises have to analyse the cost of mobilising and utilising the funds.
For Example: Interest rate is lower for Public deposits, Debentures, Term loans, etc.
(ii) Financial Capacity of the Firm :
(1) Financially sound enterprises have capacity to pay interest promptly and return the Capital at the stipulated time.
(2) Such enterprises can go for borrowed source. On the other hand, if the Firm is not Financially stable, it has to depend on owned source of fund.
(iii) Forms of organisation:
(1) The choice of source of fund depends on the form of organisation. Sole proprietor and partnership firm cannot issue shares and debentures.
(2) They have to depend on short term sources like Bank Finance, Leasing, Hire purchase, factoring, etc. On the other hand companies, Government organisations and co-operative organisations mobilise funds both from long term sources like Shares, Debentures, Public Deposits, etc. and from short term sources.
(iv) Time Period:
(1) The period for which Business Finance is required determines the suitable source.
(2) For instance, where funds required are for shorter period bank finance like overdraft, Cash Credit, Bill discounting, mortgage, pledge, leasing hire purchase, factoring and so on are suitable sources.
(3) Funds required for long term sources like shares, debentures, public deposits, etc. and from short term sources.
(v) Risk Factor:
(1) Owned funds do not invite any risk while using borrowed funds entails a lot of risk.
(2) The probable default in paying interest and capital may lead to the liquidation of business enterprises besides damaging the reputation of the business concern in the business world.
(vi) Control:
(1) Equity shareholders are real owners of corporate enterprises. They exercise complete control over the management of the company.
(2) If the existing shareholders do not like to lose their control, they must not issue more Equity shares to supplement the Financial resources.
(vii) Stage of Development:
(1) New business, enterprises finds it hard to mobilise Business Finance than an established firm.
(2) Therefore, it may have to rely on owned sources in the initial stage.
(3) Once the Business Enterprise has established itself in the Business world, they can tap borrowed source of funds and offer its Assets as security there for.
(viii) Credit worthiness of the Firm:
(1) Some sources of funds like debentures and creditors require the business firms to mortgage the Assets.
(2) This hurts the credit worthiness of the business concern in the Financial Market.

(i) Warehouse Warrant:
(1) It is a document issued in favour of the owner or depositor of goods by the warehouse keeper.
(2) This is a document of title of goods and can be transferred by simple endorsement and delivery.
(3) To transfer all the goods the warehouse warrant is sufficient.
(ii) Warehouse Keeper's Receipt:
(1) It is a document issued by the warehouse keeper, which acknowledges the receipt of goods from the depositor of goods.
(2) It also shows the existence of an agreement to keep the goods in the warehouse subject to certain conditions.
(3) This is not a document of title to goods and it is not transferable.
(iii) Dock Warrant:
(1) Dock is a place in the harbor where the goods are loaded into the ship. Dock warrant is a document of title of goods issued by dock authorities.
(2) This document certifies that the dock authorities hold the goods. To take delivery of the goods this certificate should be given back to dock authorities.
(3) The right of getting delivery of goods can be assigned to third parties too.
(iv) Dock Receipt:
(1) Dock receipt is an acknowledgement of receipt of goods issued by dock authorities to the owner of the goods.
(2) It is not a document of title of goods. Therefore, the right of taking of delivery of goods cannot be transferred.
(v) Delivery Order:
(1) This is a document through which the depositor directs the warehouse keeper to deliver the specified goods either to the party mentioned in the document or to the bearer.
(2) The warehouse keeper delivers the goods as per the instruction. Transfer of ownership takes place through this document.
(3) To transfer all the goods the warehouse warrant is sufficient. If only part of the goods are to be transferred then the delivery order is needed. The delivery order is to be accompanied by warehouse warrant.