1. It is a software owned by an individual or company.
2. It is ,licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder.
3. For example Adobe flash player, Windows 10, Adobe Photoshop.

It refers to the softwares which are available for use at no cost or for an optional fee.

PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

The first commercial microprocessor, Intel 4004 is a 4-bit processor. It has 4 input pins and 4 output pins. Number of output pins is always equal to the number of input pins. It can process 4 bits at a time. So it is called as a 4-bit processor.

Hertz - abbreviated as Hz is the standard unit of  measurement used for measuring frequency. Since 1 frequency is measured in cycles per second, one hertz equals one cycle per second. Hertz is used commonly used to measure wave , frequencies, such as sound waves, light waves, and radio waves.

Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) nonvolatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.

CD data is represented as tiny indentations known as "pits", encoded in a spiral track molded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits are known as "lands".

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.

MDR keeps the data which is transfered between the memory and the CPU.

(i) MAR (Memory Address Register)
(ii) MDR (Memory Data Register)

Basic set of machine level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as an instruction set.

The number stored as 001001010110

Binary Coded Decimal is a 4-bit code used to represent the numeric data alone.

(i) One's complement of 1010₂ is 0101₂ (replace 1by 0 and 0 by 1)
(ii) One's complement of 100101₂ is 011010₂

Radix (or Base) is the general idea behind position A numbering systems. In the numbering system, a numeric value will be represented through increasing powers of a radix (or base).

The term word length is used as the measure of the number of bits in each word. For example, a won  can have a length of 16 bits, 32 bits, and 64 bits.

Bits, Nibble, Bytes, and Word

Information is a set of processed data.

The radix of Decimal is 10, Binary is 2, Octal is 8 and Hexadecimal is 16

(1) Hard disk
(2) CD
(3) DVD
(4) Pen drive

(1) It is slow as compared to non-impact printers
(2) It is not best suited for graphics
(3) It is not possible to obtain colour output.

Education and research, travel and tourism, weather forecasting, social networking, e-commerce.

Booting a computer is to load an operating system into the computer's main memory or random access memory (RAM).

These printers do not use striking mechanism for printing. They use electrostatic and laser technology. Quality and speed of these printers is better than Impact printers. For example, Laser printers and Inkjet printers are non-impact printers.

Printers are divided into two main categories:
(i) Impact Printers
(ii) Non Impact printers