Abstraction means giving only essential things and hiding unnecessary details. Encapsulation is the binding of data members and methods together in a capsule to avoid accidental changes to data from external users. i.e., encapsulation is the bundling of related algorithms and data.

Errors: (); is missing (ii) spaces are missing at two places (iii) structure name given wrongly.
Corrected structure:
struct employee (int eno; char ename [20];
char dept;}
employee e1, e2;

Output:
2 4 6 8 10.

Single continuous allocation, Partitioned allocation, Paged memory management, Segmented memory management.

It is nothing but breaking down problem into smaller and more manageable problems.

statement	condition
A statement is a phrase that commands the computer to do an action.	A condition is a phrase that describes a test of the state.
In flow chart rectangular box is used	In flow chart diamond box is used
Ex. x: = 5	Ex. If C SI else S2

The functional components of a computer performs. Every task given to a computer follows an Input- Process- Output Cycle (IPO cycle).

Different server distributions in Linux OS:
Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Debian, Fedora, RedHat.

The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory I/O devices. It also controls the entire operations of a computer.

Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. This encapsulation of data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.

}
struct student
int exam_no, lang, eng, phy, chem, mat, csc, total;
char name [15];
}
int main()
{
students [20];
for (int i = 0; i <20; i++)
{
cout<<"\n Enter the exam number of student:"";
cin>> s[i].exam_no.;
cout << "\n Enter language names:";
ein>>s[i].lang;
cout<<"Enter name of the Student:"";
cin>>s[i].Name;
}
for (int i=0; i<20; i++)
{
if (s[i],name[0] == 's')
{
cout << "Exam number:" << s[i].name;
cout << "Student Exam number";
}
}
return 0;}

a=(x>=10)? m + 5:m;

1. Case analysis statement generalizes it to multiple cases.
2. Case analysis splits the problem into an exhaustive set of disjoint cases.

Nano-technology is an engineering, science, and technology that develops machines or works with one atom or one molecule that is 100 nanometers or smaller.

(i) Farmers
(ii) Response time
(iii) Throughput
(iv) Turn around time

A mobile operating system controls a mobile device and its design supports wireless communication and different types of mobile applications. It operates on smart phones Tablets and Digital Mobile devices.
(i) Google Android
(ii) Apple iOS
(iii) Blackberry
(iv) Symbian

Optical Mouse	Laser Mouse
It is less sensitive towards the surface	Highly sensitive
Tracking power is less	Tracking power is more
Old technology	Latest technology
This uses the light source instead of ball to judge the motion of the pointer.	This uses Laser light
Optical mouse has 3 buttons	No. of buttons will vary from 3 to many

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int x, n;
float sum= 0;
cout<<"Enter the value for x:";
cin>>x;
cout<<"Enter the number of terms";
cin>>n;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
sum = sum + Pow(x,i);
cout<<"Sum="<< Sum<<endl;
cin.get();
return 0;
}

The alternative statement analyses the problem into two cases. The case analysis statement generalizes it to multiple cases. Case analysis splits the problem into an exhaustive set of disjoint cases. For each case, the problem is solved independently. if Cl, C2, and C3 are conditions, and S1, S2, S3, and S4 are statements, a 4-case analysis statement has the form,
1. Case C1
2. S1
3. Case C2
4. S2
5. Case C3
6. S3
7. else
8.S4
The conditions C1, C2, and C3 are evaluated in turn. For the first condition that evaluates to true, the corresponding statement is executed, and the case analysis statement ends. If none of the conditions evaluates to true, then the default case S4 is executed.
1. The cases are exhaustive: at least one' of the cases is true. If all conditions are false, the default case is true.
2. The cases are disjoint: only one of the cases is true. Though it is possible for more than one condition to be true, the case analysis always executes only one case, the first one that is true. If the three conditions are disjoint, then the four cases are (1) C1, (2) C2, (3) C3, (4), (not C1) and (not C2) and (not C3).

Ans.(a)
Let a, b, c be the variables whose maximum value are 8L, 5L and 3L respectively.
Initial State

a, b, c: 4, 4,0
Specifications:
1 decant
2-inputs: a, b, c: =8,0,0
3-outputs: a, b, c: = 4, 4, 0
Algorithm:
Let us assume that a: = b denote oil in b is poured into a bottle until either "a" is full or "b" becomes empty.
1 decant (a, b, c)
2 a, b, c:=8,0,0
3 b:=a
4 --a, b, c: 3, 5, 0.
5 c:=b
6 --a, b, c: = 3, 2, 3
7 a:=c
8 -- a, b, c: = 6, 2,0
9 c:=b
10 --a, b, c:=6,0,2
11 b: a
12 a, b, c: = 1, 5, 2
13 c:=b
14 --a, b, c: 1, 4, 3
15 a: c
16 --a, b, c: = 4, 4,0

Registers:
(i) Registers are the high-speed temporary storage locations in the CPU. Hence, their contents can be handled much faster than the' contents of memory.
(ii) Although the number of registers varies from computer to computer, there are some registers which are common to all computers. Five registers that are essential for instruction execution are:
(iii) Program Counter (PC): Contains the address of the next instruction to be fetched.
(iv) Instruction Register (IR): Contains the instruction most recently fetched.
(v) Memory Address Registers (MAR): Contain the address of a location in memory for read and write operations.
(vi) Memory Buffer Register (MBR): It contains the value to be stored in memory or the last value read from memory.
(vii) Accumulator (ACC): An accumulator is a general purpose register used for storing temporary result produced by the arithmetic logic unit.

(i) Basic components of computer :
The Basic components are I/O Unit, CPU, ALU, Control Unit, Storage Unit.
Input unit:
Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer. It can be stored in the memory unit for further processing.
Ex. Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Retinal scanner, Track ball.
Central processing unit:
CPU is the major component and it controls the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units. The CPU has three components namely control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and memory unit.
Arithmetic and logic unit:
The ALU is a part of the CPU where arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, divisions and logical operations will takes place.
Control unit:
The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It also controls the entire operation of a computer.
Output unit:
An output device is a hardware component that conveys information to the user in an understandable form.
Ex. Monitor, printer, plotter
Memory unit:
The memory stores everything that computer works with. The memory unit is of two types namely primary memory and secondary memory. The primary memory stores the data and instructions temporarily. Whereas the secondary memory stores the data permanently. The primary memory is volatile and secondary memory is non-volatile.

The main purpose of using an operating system:
(i) It controls and coordinates all the activities of a computer system.
(ii) It provides an environment for a computer user to execute programs on computer hardware in a convenient and efficient manner.
(iii) It enables the user to design the application, and also it provides an interface to interact with the computer and controls the execution of all kinds .of programs without knowing the internals of the hardware.
(iv) It interprets the command and instructions to perform the specified tasks.
(v) It coordinates and assigns the compilers, assemblers, utility programs to the users.
(vi) It detects errors present in the hardware and software.
(vii) It maintains the internal time clock.
(viii) It protects itself from being destroyed by any users.
(ix) It serves two major functions
1. Supervision (Prevent errors)
2. Management (Operation and control of I/O devices)
(x) It loads the program itself into memory so that user can interact with hardware and software.