(101.10)₁₆ in binary From 
               = 1       0       1       1       0
                  0001  0000  0001  0001  0000
(101.10)₂ = (000100000001.00010000)₂
(101.10)₁₆  in Decimal Form
(101.10)₂  = 1 x 16² + x 16¹ + 1 x 16⁰ + 1 x 16^-1 + 0 x 16^-2
               = 256 + 0 + 1 + 0.0625 + 0 =(275.0625)₁₀  

Steps for Decimal to Binary Conversion.
Step 1: Divide the decimal number which is to be converted by two which is the base of the binary number.
Step 2: The remainder which is obtained from step 1 is the least significant bit of the new binary number.
Step 3: Divide. the quotient which is obtained from the step 2 and the remainder obtained from this is the second least significant bit of the binary number
Step 4: Repeat the process until the quotient becomes zero.
Step 5: The last remainder obtained from the division is the most significant bit of the binary number. Hence, arrange the number from the most significant bit to the least significant bit (i.e., from bottom to top).

ISCII. (Indian Script Code for Information Interchange)
(i) In order to encode Indian languages Ion computers, a common standard for coding Indian scripts is developed which is called as ISCII. In 1991, the Bureau of Indian Standards adopted the Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange (ISCII).
(ii) ISCII standard is evolved by a standardization committee during 1986-88. The ISCII document is available as IS 13194: 1991 from the BIS offices.
(iii) Assamese, Bengali (Bangla), Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurumukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu are supported in ISCII. ISCII has been used by IBM for PCDOS, Apple for ILK, and several companies are developing products and solutions based on this representation.
TSCII. (Tamil Standard Code for Information Interchange)
(i) Tamil Standard Code for Information Interchange is the Tamil encoding scheme designed to handle the entire Tamil alphabet. TSCII is proposed by Internet Working Group for the Tamil Standard Code (IWG-TSC).
(ii) The Tamil alphabets have soup (247), grantha characters (13) and the Tamil numerals (13). The number of unique Tamil glyphs to consider is about 170. Since the number of slots available in upper-ASCII segment (#128-255) is much less than the required slot for each character in Tamil.
(iii) Therefore, few Tamil alphabets are to be included in the native form, and the others are generated using modifiers (several keystrokes in sequence).

(i) ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).
(ii) BCD: Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
(iii) EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)
(i) ASCll:   American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a 7-bit code, which means that only 128 (27) characters can be represented. However, manufacturers have added an eighth bit to this coding scheme with which it is possible to represent 256 characters. This 8-bit coding scheme is referred to as ans-bit American standard code for information interchange. The symbolic representation of letter A using this scheme is 1000001₂(65_1O).
It is a character encoding standard developed several decades ago to provide a standard way for digital machines to encode characters. The ASCII code provides a mechanism for encoding alphabetic characters, numeric digits, and punctuation marks.
(ii) BCD: Binary Coded Decimal is a 4-bit code used to represent the numeric data alone. For example, a number like 9 can be represented using Binary Coded Decimal as 10012. Binary Coded Decimal is mostly used in simple electronic devices like calculators and microwaves. This is because it makes it easier to process and display individual numbers on their Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens.
A Standard Binary Coded Decimal, an enhanced format of Binary Coded Decimal, is a 6-bit representation scheme which can represent non-numeric characters. This allows 64 characters to be represented.
(iii) EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) is an 8-bit character-coding .scheme used primarily on IBM computers. A total of 256 (28) characters can"be coded using this scheme.

A number system is a set of digits used to represent the values derived from a common base or radix.
Decimal Number System:
(i) The term Decimal is derived from a Latin prefix deci, which means ten.
(ii) The Decimal number system has ten digits ranging from 0-9. Because this system has ten digits.
(iii) It is also called as a base ten number system or denary number system.
(iv) Decimal number should always be written with a subscript 10.
Binary number System:
(i) The decimal number system is not convenient to implement in digital system.
(ii) For instance, it is very difficult to design electronic equipment so that it can work with 10 different voltage levels (each one representing one decimal character, 0 through 9).
(iii) On other hand, it is very easy to design simple, accurate electronic circuits that operate with only 2 voltage levels.
(iv) For this reason, almost every digital system utilizes the binary number system (base 2) as the basic number system of its operation;
(v) In a binary system, there are only two symbols or possible digit values, 0 and 1.
Octal Number System:
(i) The octal number system is playing a vital role in digital computer work.
(ii) The octal number system has a base of 8.
(iii) It means that it has eight unique symbols such as 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7.
(iv) Thus, each digit of an octal number can have any value from 0 to 7.
(v) The places to the left of the octal point are positive powers of 8 and places to the right are negative powers of 8.
Hexadecimal Number System:
(i) The hexadecimal system uses base 16 in digital systems.
(ii) It has 16 possible symbols.
(iii) It uses the digits 0 through 9 plus the letters A, B, C, D, E and F as the 16 different symbols.
(iv) Hexadecimal System is a positional value system, wherein each hexadecimal digit has its own value or weight expressed as a power of 16.